Fig. 1. Schematics of the (a) standard CGI and (b) CGI with A or Y Correction.

Fig. 2. Proof-of-principle experimental setup of the CGI with A or Y Correction for an unstable source.

Fig. 3. Simulative and experimental results of imaging a reflection gray object (four letters “SIOM”) when the RMS of the laser’s energy fluctuation is 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%, respectively. (I) Simulative results and (II) experimental results. (a) CGI with No Correction, (b) CGI with A Correction, (c) CGI with Y Correction, (d) CGISC with No Correction, (e) CGISC with A Correction, and (f) CGISC with Y Correction.

Fig. 4. Relationship between SSIM and RMS of the laser’s energy fluctuation, based on the simulation and experimental results shown in Fig. 3. (a) The SSIM-RMS curves of the simulation results, and (b) the SSIM-RMS curves of the experimental results.

Fig. 5. MC matrices for different energy fluctuations. The RMS of energy fluctuation of each matrix is 0% to 10% from (a) to (f).

Fig. 6. Experimental demonstration result based on our existing CGI lidar system. (a) The histogram of the source’s energy fluctuation and its corresponding Gaussian fitting, (b) the target, (c) and (e) are the reconstruction results of CGI and CGISC with No Correction, and (d) and (f) are the corresponding reconstruction results of CGI and CGISC with Y Correction.