Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 61, Issue 24, 2415006(2024)

Visual SLAM Method Based on Fuzzy Image Evaluation and Feature Matching Improvement

Yu Liu, Yuhang Jiao, and Chaofeng Ren*
Author Affiliations
  • School of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi , China
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    Figures & Tables(19)
    Images with different blur levels and their corresponding edge images. (a)(b) Primitive clear image and corresponding edge image; (c)(d) once fuzzy image and the corresponding edge image; (e)(f) secondary fuzzy image and corresponding edge image
    Edge difference images of images with different blur levels. (a) Primitive clear image and once fuzzy image edge differences; (b) once fuzzy image and secondary fuzzy image edge differences
    Calculation flowchart of no reference image blur parameter
    Schematic representation of GMS algorithm
    Two cell models. (a) 8 neighborhood; (b) X neighborhood
    Original clear image samples and image samples with added blur noise. (a) Original clear image sample in 00 sequence; (b) image sample after adding blur noise
    Two algorithms for blurring image classification results on the 00 sequence. (a) ISVD classification results; (b) reBlur classification results
    Original image pairs and matching results of different algorithms. (a) Initial image pair; (b) ORB matching results; (c) GMS matching results; (d) Matching results of proposed algorithm
    Results of using reBlur to remove blurred images in each sequence. (a) 00 sequence; (b) 01 sequence; (c) 02 sequence; (d) 03 sequence; (e) 04 sequence; (f) 05 sequence
    Different sequence trajectories and real trajectories obtained by different methods comparison diagram. (a) 00 sequence; (b) 03 sequence
    • Table 1. Standard image library dataset

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      Table 1. Standard image library dataset

      Image libraryData formatDistortion typeNumber of image /pieceImage size /(pixel×pixel)Evaluation score type
      LIVEBMPGaussian ambiguity145768×512DMOS
      TID2013BMPGaussian ambiguity125512×384MOS
      CSIQPNGGaussian ambiguity150512×512DMOS
    • Table 2. KITTI dataset

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      Table 2. KITTI dataset

      SequenceNumber of image /pieceImage size /(pixel×pixel)Route lengthRoute environment
      0045411241×3763714City
      0111011241×3764268Expressway
      0246611241×3765075City and country
      038011242×375563Rural
      042711226×370397Rural
      0527611226×3702223City
    • Table 3. Evaluation indicators of three algorithms on different datasets

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      Table 3. Evaluation indicators of three algorithms on different datasets

      Image gallerySIGDISVDreBlur
      SSORCCRRMSESSORCCRRMSESSORCCRRMSE
      LIVE0.65054.37950.86444.28180.88683.7544
      TID20130.45063.99840.77583.94600.82273.5793
      CSIQ0.74920.41910.86110.41520.87660.3727
    • Table 4. Average running time of three algorithms on one image on different data sets

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      Table 4. Average running time of three algorithms on one image on different data sets

      Image gallerySIGDISVDreBlur
      LIVE13.5618.5616.525
      TID201311.9707.6705.842
      CSIQ13.0698.0696.268
    • Table 5. Classification results of two algorithms on different datasets

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      Table 5. Classification results of two algorithms on different datasets

      Image

      sequence

      AccuracyF1-score
      ISVDreBlurISVDreBlur
      000.7300.8100.6300.782
      010.6400.7500.5310.672
      020.6700.7700.5660.741
      030.7200.8000.6200.762
      040.6200.7200.5710.713
      050.6900.7900.6120.771
    • Table 6. Results of feature matching experiment

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      Table 6. Results of feature matching experiment

      Image

      sequence

      Interior point rateHomography scoreMatching takes time /ms
      ORBGMSProposedORBGMSProposedORBGMSProposed
      000.1860.2360.236478.272638.296638.29737.37122.62817.631
      010.2010.2390.241424.193568.309571.81234.56520.45615.264
      020.1830.2310.231475.587637.065620.39235.44720.64415.838
      030.2050.2540.247455.410608.384610.73638.35622.58617.304
      040.2060.2310.230453.598607.557607.55736.68621.88417.007
      050.1510.2020.201461.573641.717641.00735.72820.92416.744
    • Table 7. Results of feature matching for single image pairs

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      Table 7. Results of feature matching for single image pairs

      ORBGMSProposed
      Interior point rate18.528.025.1
      Homography score442.674671.704633.704
    • Table 8. Comparison of accuracy of different algorithms on the KITTI dataset

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      Table 8. Comparison of accuracy of different algorithms on the KITTI dataset

      Image sequenceORB-SLAM3ISVD-SFFSDProposed
      RMAE /mRRMAE /mRMAE /mRRMAE /mRMAE /mRRMAE /m
      000.4580.5320.4060.4630.3390.387
      014.0735.0033.9394.8713.6524.501
      021.0491.3360.9711.2100.8371.073
      030.0720.0870.0680.0840.0660.082
      040.0270.0310.0230.0260.0210.026
      050.2780.3050.2680.2630.2230.249
    • Table 9. Average running time of each image frame of different algorithms on the KITTI dataset

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      Table 9. Average running time of each image frame of different algorithms on the KITTI dataset

      Image

      sequence

      ORB-SLAM3ISVD-SFFSDProposed
      0064.71971.74254.619
      0163.89770.89953.875
      0264.26171.72054.284
      0362.76469.76352.572
      0462.00269.29452.365
      0563.91571.44654.571
      Average63.59370.81053.714
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    Yu Liu, Yuhang Jiao, Chaofeng Ren. Visual SLAM Method Based on Fuzzy Image Evaluation and Feature Matching Improvement[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2024, 61(24): 2415006

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    Paper Information

    Category: Machine Vision

    Received: Mar. 26, 2024

    Accepted: May. 20, 2024

    Published Online: Dec. 13, 2024

    The Author Email: Chaofeng Ren (rencf@chd.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.3788/LOP240971

    CSTR:32186.14.LOP240971

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