[1] DE ROCCO A G. Mesophases: The physics of liquid crystals[J]. Science, 186, 1199(1974).

[2] CHANDRASEKHAR S, SADASHIVA B K, SURESH K A. Liquid crystals of disc-like molecules[J]. Pramana, 9, 471-480(1977).

[3] MU B, CHEN K Y, CHEN D Z. Synthesis and liquid crystalline phase behavior investigation of triphenylene acrylate intermediates[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 32, 424-432(2017).

[4] HO C H, LIN Y S, HUNG C C et al. Discotic liquid crystals with highly ordered columnar hexagonal structure for ultraviolet light-sensitive phototransistor memory[J]. ACS Applied Electronic Materials, 5, 1067-1076(2023).

[5] LIU L, LI J Y, ZHU H et al. A novel multifunctional C3-symmetric triphenylamine discotic liquid crystal: synthesis, columnar self-assembly, organogel behavior, selective detection of PA and application in Si solar cells[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 12, 6450-6456(2024).

[6] LIU D X, ZHONG J Y, TANG B et al. Research progress of flexible and printed OLED[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 36, 217-228(2021).

[7] VORLÄNDER D. Einfluß der molekularen Gestalt auf den krystallinisch-flüssigen Zustand[J]. Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, 40, 1970-1972(1907).

[8] LI S W, HU X, LUO C X et al. Synthesis and microwave properties of fluorinated triphenylacetylene isothiocyano liquid crystals[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 40, 1682-1692(2023).

[9] ZHANG Z Y, LI Q, WANG D L et al. Controlled synthesis and photophysical properties of liquid crystalline diblock copolymers with side-chain discotic triphylene and calamitic azobenzene mesogens[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry, 38, 1340-1352(2021).

[10] TAO L, XIE Y, ZHAO K X et al. Triphenylene trimeric discotic liquid crystals: synthesis, columnar mesophase and photophysical properties[J]. New Journal of Chemistry, 48, 12006-12014(2024).

[11] SUN H Y, ZHAO Z, XING Y M et al. Charge separation to facilitate the conversion of copper-phenylacetylide from aggregation-induced emission to efficient photocatalysis[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 34, 2311591(2024).

[12] PATRA A, BEHERA P K, SHAH A et al. Exploring the ambipolar charge carrier mobility, mesomorphic, and gel properties in nitrile extended quinoxaline and phenanthro [a]phenazine discotic liquid crystals[J]. ACS Applied Electronic Materials, 6, 4891-4902(2024).

[13] SHARMA V S, SHARMA V S, GANGA V S R et al. Room-temperature blue-light-emitting liquid crystalline materials based on phenanthroimidazole-substituted carbazole derivatives[J]. New Journal of Chemistry, 45, 22193-22201(2021).

[14] BÉGUIN A, BILLARD J, DUBOIS J C et al. Discotic mesophases potentialities[J]. Journal de Physique Colloques, 40, C3-15-C3-16(1979).

[15] SUI Y, GUO J, LI Z Q et al. Synthesis and application of triphenylene discotic liquid crystals[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 31, 40-46(2016).

[16] FENG C, DING Y H, HAN X D et al. Triphenylene 2, 3-dicarboxylic imides as luminescent liquid crystals: mesomorphism, optical and electronic properties[J]. Dyes and Pigments, 139, 87-96(2017).

[17] BALA I, YANG W Y, GUPTA S P et al. Room temperature discotic liquid crystalline triphenylene-pentaalkynylbenzene dyads as an emitter in blue OLEDs and their charge transfer complexes with ambipolar charge transport behaviour[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 7, 5724-5738(2019).

[18] SHAH A, SINGH D P, DUPONCHEL B et al. Molecular ordering dependent charge transport in π-stacked triphenylene based discotic liquid crystals and its correlation with dielectric properties[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 342, 117353(2021).

[19] CHIEN S C, CHEN H H, CHEN H C et al. Stable, low-temperature discotic nematic superstructures by incorporating a laterally substituted sidearm in Hexakis(phenylethynyl)benzene discogens[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 17, 1896-1902(2007).

[20] AHIPA T N, KUMAR V, ADHIKARI A V. New columnar liquid crystal materials based on luminescent 2-methoxy-3-cyanopyridines[J]. Structural Chemistry, 25, 1165-1174(2014).

[21] HAN J. 1,3,4-Oxadiazole based liquid crystals[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 1, 7779-7797(2013).

[22] GUPTA R K, PATHAK S K, DE J et al. Room temperature columnar liquid crystalline self-assembly of acidochromic, luminescent, star-shaped molecules with cyanovinylene chromophores[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 6, 1844-1852(2018).

[23] KUPFER J, FINKELMANN H. Nematic liquid single crystal elastomers[J]. Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications, 12, 717-726(1991).

[24] GELEBART A H, MULDER DJAN, VARGA M et al. Making waves in a photoactive polymer film[J]. Nature, 546, 632-636(2017).

[25] HERBERT K M, FOWLER H E, MCCRACKEN J M et al. Synthesis and alignment of liquid crystalline elastomers[J]. Nature Reviews Materials, 7, 23-38(2022).

[26] WANG M, WANG J, YANG H et al. Homeotropically-aligned main-chain and side-on liquid crystalline elastomer films with high anisotropic thermal conductivities[J]. Chemical Communications, 52, 4313-4316(2016).

[27] SAGARA Y, KOMATSU T, UENO T et al. A water-soluble mechanochromic luminescent pyrene derivative exhibiting recovery of the initial photoluminescence color in a high-humidity environment[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 23, 5277-5284(2013).

[28] SAGARA Y, KATO T. Stimuli-responsive luminescent liquid crystals: change of photoluminescent colors triggered by a shear-induced phase transition[J]. Angewandte Chemie, 120, 5253-5256(2008).

[29] CATALANO D, CORRADO A, VERACINI C A et al. Non-cylindrical symmetry of the ordering matrix of some spectroscopic probes in a lyotropic mesophase studied by 2H N.M.R. spectroscopy[J]. Liquid Crystals, 4, 217-221(1989).

[30] GÖLTNER C, PRESSNER D, MÜLLEN K et al. Liquid-crystalline perylene derivatives as “Discotic Pigments”[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English, 32, 1660-1662(1993).

[31] KEINAN E, KUMAR S, SINGH S P et al. New discotic liquid crystals having a tricycloquinazoline core[J]. Liquid Crystals, 11, 157-173(1992).

[32] KUMAR S, WACHTEL E J, KEINAN E. Hexaalkoxytricycloquinazolines: new discotic liquid crystals[J]. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 58, 3821-3827(1993).

[33] SERGEYEV S, PISULA W, GEERTS Y H. Discotic liquid crystals: a new generation of organic semiconductors[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 36, 1902-1929(2007).

[34] MU B, MA T S, ZHANG Z L et al. Thermo-induced bathochromic emission in columnar discotic liquid crystals realized by intramolecular planarization[J]. Chemistry—A European Journal, 29, e202300320(2023).

[35] MU B, QUAN X H, ZHAO Y et al. Fluorophore core-engineered supramolecular discotic columnar liquid crystals with tunable fluorescent behavior[J]. Materials Chemistry Frontiers, 3, 1671-1677(2019).

[36] CONCELLÓN A, TERMINE R, GOLEMME A et al. High hole mobility and light-harvesting in discotic nematic dendrimers prepared via 'click'chemistry[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 7, 2911-2918(2019).

[37] MAJUMDAR K C, DE N, ROY B et al. Synthesis and mesophase characterisation of a series of new triazine-based disc-shaped molecules[J]. Liquid Crystals, 37, 1459-1464(2010).

[38] HOLST H C, PAKULA T, MEIER H. Liquid crystals in the series of 2,4,6-tristyryl-1,3,5-triazines[J]. Tetrahedron, 60, 6765-6775(2004).

[39] LEE C H, YAMAMOTO T. Synthesis and characterization of a new class of liquid-crystalline, highly luminescent molecules containing a 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine unit[J]. Tetrahedron Letters, 42, 3993-3996(2001).

[40] BAI R K, LI S Q, ZOU Y F et al. Synthesis and characterization of a trefoil-shaped liquid crystal based on 1,3,5-triazine with carbazole groups[J]. Liquid Crystals, 28, 1873-1876(2001).

[41] YASUDA T, SHIMIZU T, LIU F et al. Electro-functional octupolar π-conjugated columnar liquid crystals[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 133, 13437-13444(2011).

[42] PATHAK S K, NATH S, DE J et al. The effect of regioisomerism on the mesomorphic and photophysical behavior of oxadiazole-based tris(N-salicylideneaniline)s: synthesis and characterization[J]. New Journal of Chemistry, 41, 9908-9917(2017).

[43] FENG H Y, GENG X T, LIN J R et al. Novel fluorescent liquid crystals: synthesis, mesomorphism and fluorescence of triphenylene-Bodipy derivatives based on 1,3,5-triazine core[J]. Liquid Crystals, 45, 1470-1476(2018).

[44] WANG Y F, SHI J W, CHEN J H et al. Recent progress in luminescent liquid crystal materials: design, properties and application for linearly polarised emission[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 3, 7993-8005(2015).

[45] HONG Y N, LAM J W Y, TANG B Z. Aggregation-induced emission[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 40, 5361-5388(2011).

[46] LUO J D, XIE Z L, LAM J W Y et al. Aggregation-induced emission of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenylsilole[J]. Chemical Communications, 1740-1741(2001).

[47] CHEN Y C, LAM J W Y, KWOK R T K et al. Aggregation-induced emission: fundamental understanding and future developments[J]. Materials Horizons, 6, 428-433(2019).

[48] BALA I, KAUR H, MAITY M et al. Electroluminescent aggregation-induced emission-active discotic liquid crystals based on alkoxy cyanostilbene-functionalized benzenetricarboxamide with ambipolar charge transport[J]. ACS Applied Electronic Materials, 4, 1163-1174(2022).

[49] ZENG C Y, HU P, WANG B Q et al. Cyanostilbene bridged triphenylene dyad stimuli-responsive discotic liquid crystal: synthesis, properties and applications[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 43, 3287-3296(2023).

[50] SCHULTZ A, DIELE S, LASCHAT S et al. Novel columnar tetraphenylethenes via McMurry coupling[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 11, 441-446(2001).

[51] YUAN W Z, YU Z Q, LU P et al. High efficiency luminescent liquid crystal: aggregation-induced emission strategy and biaxially oriented mesomorphic structure[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 22, 3323-3326(2012).

[52] JIANG S J, QIU J B, CHEN Y X et al. Luminescent columnar liquid crystals based on AIE tetraphenylethylene with hydrazone groups bearing multiple alkyl chains[J]. Dyes and Pigments, 159, 533-541(2018).

[53] KONG X F, LUO R G, GONG H K et al. Discotic liquid crystals with aggregation-induced emission properties based on tetraphenylethylene and triphenylene derivatives[J]. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 724, 26-37(2021).

[54] GUO L X, XING Y B, WANG M et al. Luminescent liquid crystals bearing an aggregation-induced emission active tetraphenylthiophene fluorophore[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 7, 4828-4837(2019).

[55] YANG S Y, CHEN Y Y, KWOK R T K et al. Platinum complexes with aggregation-induced emission[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 53, 5366-5393(2024).

[56] ZHENG C L, SUN L, WANG J X et al. Characterization and mechanism investigation of layer-by-layer phase transition process in blue phase liquid crystals[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 39, 1679-1688(2024).

[57] KATO T, FRECHET J M J. Stabilization of a liquid-crystalline phase through noncovalent interaction with a polymer side chain[J]. Macromolecules, 22, 3818-3819(1989).

[58] BRIENNE M J, GABARD J, LEHN J M et al. Macroscopic expression of molecular recognition. Supramolecular liquid crystalline phases induced by association of complementary heterocyclic components[J]. Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, 1868-1870(1989).

[59] FOUQUEY C, LEHN J M, LEVELUT A M. Molecular recognition directed self-assembly of supramolecular liquid crystalline polymers from complementary chiral components[J]. Advanced Materials, 2, 254-257(1990).

[60] PARASCHIV I, GIESBERS M, VAN LAGEN B et al. H-bond-stabilized triphenylene-based columnar discotic liquid crystals[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 18, 968-974(2006).

[61] GUO L X, LIU Y H, WANG L et al. Hydrogen-bonding induced melamine-core supramolecular discotic liquid crystals[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 5, 9165-9173(2017).

[62] HUANG Y J, NING L J, ZHANG X M et al. Stimuli-fluorochromic smart organic materials[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 53, 1090-1166(2024).

[63] KATO T, MIZOSHITA N, KISHIMOTO K. Functional liquid-crystalline assemblies: self-organized soft materials[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 45, 38-68(2005).

[64] MITANI M, YOSHIO M, KATO T. Tuning of luminescence color of π‍-conjugated liquid crystals through co-assembly with ionic liquids[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 5, 9972-9978(2017).

[65] BALA I, SINGH H, BATTULA V R et al. Heptazine: an electron-deficient fluorescent core for discotic liquid crystals[J]. Chemistry-A European Journal, 23, 14718-14722(2017).

[66] ZENG C Y, HU P, WANG B Q et al. Star-shaped triphenylene-triazine multi-stimuli responsive discotic liquid crystals: synthesis, properties and applications[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 81, 469-479(2023).

[67] HEINTZ W. Ueber die Fette[J]. Journal für Praktische Chemie, 66, 1-51(1855).

[68] LAI C K, SERRETTE A G, SWAGER T M. Discotic bimetallomesogens: building blocks for the formation of new columnar arrangements of transition metals[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 114, 7948-7949(1992).

[69] LELJ F, MORELLI G, RICCIARDI G et al. Discotic mesomorphism of 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octakis (alkyl-thio) 5,10,15,20 tetraaza porphyrin and its complexes with some divalent transition metal ions Synthesis and characterization[J]. Liquid Crystals, 12, 941-960(1992).

[70] ZHAO L, YANG B, ZENG L W et al. Tetradentate platinum(Ⅱ) complexes: Synthesis, photophysical properties, liquid crystalline characteristics and charge transport behaviour[J]. Dyes and Pigments, 164, 398-406(2019).

[71] KANG J S, PARK K M, LEE K H et al. Improvement in color purity and lifetime of blue PHOLEDs using a homoleptic iridium(Ⅲ) complex with fluorinated dibenzofuranyl-imidazole ligand[J]. Dyes and Pigments, 190, 109334(2021).

[72] XIE H, WANG J, LOU Z et al. Mechanochemical fabrication of full-color luminescent materials from aggregation-induced emission prefluorophores for information storage and encryption[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 146, 18350-18359(2024).

[73] KOZHEVNIKOV V N, DONNIO B, BRUCE D W. Phosphorescent, terdentate, liquid-crystalline complexes of Platinum(Ⅱ): stimulus-dependent emission[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 47, 6286-6289(2008).

[74] HAO X T, XIONG B J, NI M L et al. Highly luminescent liquid crystals in aggregation based on Platinum(Ⅱ) complexes[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 12, 53058-53066(2020).

[75] LIAO C T, CHEN H H, HSU H F et al. Mesomorphism and luminescence properties of Platinum(Ⅱ) complexes with Tris(alkoxy)phenyl-functionalized pyridyl pyrazolate chelates[J]. Chemistry—A European Journal, 17, 546-556(2011).

[76] SONG W L, MAO H T, GAO Y et al. Understanding AIE and ACQ phenomenon of organometallic iridium(Ⅲ) complexes by simple cationization engineering[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, 35, 108309(2024).

[77] CALUPITAN J P, POIROT A, WANG J H et al. Mechanical modulation of the solid-state luminescence of tricarbonyl Rhenium(Ⅰ) complexes through the interplay between two triplet excited states[J]. Chemistry—A European Journal, 27, 4191-4196(2021).

[78] XU P F, YU H, LIU Y et al. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) of Au (I)-GSH complexes is activated by optical manipulation and exhibits surprising 780 nm emission[J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 12, 2302628(2024).

[79] JAVID T, ASSIRI M A, PERVAIZ A et al. A twistable aggregation induced emission enhancement active multisite fluorescent sensor for targeted sensing of zinc ions, 4-nitrophenol and chloroform in diverse conditions[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 409, 125526(2024).

[80] SONG J T, WANG M, ZHOU X G et al. Unusual circularly polarized and aggregation-induced near-infrared phosphorescence of helical Platinum(Ⅱ) complexes with tetradentate salen ligands[J]. Chemistry—A European Journal, 24, 7128-7132(2018).

[81] CUERVA C, CAMPO J A, CANO M et al. Multi-stimuli-responsive properties of aggregation-enhanced emission-active unsymmetrical PtII metallomesogens through self-assembly[J]. Chemistry—A European Journal, 25, 12046-12051(2019).

[82] KOBAYASHI S, MIYAMA T, AKIYAMA H et al. Development of liquid crystal displays and related improvements to their performances[J]. Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B, 98, 493-516(2022).

[83] KARTHIK C, MANJULADEVI V, GUPTA R K et al. Solvatochromism of a tricycloquinazoline based disk-shaped liquid crystal: a potential molecular probe for fluorescence imaging[J]. RSC Advances, 5, 84592-84600(2015).

[84] MU B, ZHAO Y, LI X et al. Enhanced conductivity and thermochromic luminescence in hydrogen bond-stabilized columnar liquid crystals[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 12, 9637-9645(2020).

[85] LI J H, WANG J H, CAO X J et al. Peripherally modified tetraphenylethene: emerging as a room-temperature luminescent disc-like nematic liquid crystal[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 13, 35207-35213(2021).

[86] WANG P H, YU J H, LI Z J et al. Optical detection of organoamine based on orientation transition of liquid crystal[J]. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 40, 796-800(2012).

[87] BISOYI H K, KUMAR S. Discotic nematic liquid crystals: science and technology[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 39, 264-285(2010).

[88] KOHMOTO S, MORI E, KISHIKAWA K. Room-temperature discotic nematic liquid crystals over a wide temperature range: alkali-metal-ion-induced phase transition from discotic nematic to columnar phases[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 129, 13364-13365(2007).

[89] BALAGURUSAMY V S K, PRASAD S K, CHANDRASEKHAR S et al. Quasi-one dimensional electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power studies on a discotic liquid crystal[J]. Pramana, 53, 3-11(1999).

[90] KUMAR S, VARSHNEY S K. A room-temperature discotic nematic liquid crystal[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 39, 3140-3142(2000).

[91] KAWATA K. Orientation control and fixation of discotic liquid crystal[J]. The Chemical Record, 2, 59-80(2002).

[92] LIU B Y, WANG R R, SUN J. Advances in visualization of flexible wearable sensors[J]. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 51, 305-315(2023).

[93] DE R, SHARMA S, SENGUPTA S et al. Discs to a ‘Bright’ future: exploring discotic liquid crystals in organic light emitting diodes in the era of new-age smart materials[J]. The Chemical Record, 22, e202200056(2022).

[94] DHINGRA S, CHEN F R, SIDDIQUI I et al. Room temperature tri-alkynyl benzene based discotic nematic mesophase enabling high-efficiency deep blue OLEDs[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 390, 122984(2023).

[95] KAAFARANI B R. Discotic liquid crystals for opto-electronic applications[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 23, 378-396(2011).

[96] MU B, HAO X T, CHEN J et al. Discotic columnar liquid-crystalline polymer semiconducting materials with high charge-carrier mobility via rational macromolecular engineering[J]. Polymer Chemistry, 8, 3286-3293(2017).