Chinese Optics Letters, Volume. 19, Issue 6, 060003(2021)
Integrated thin film lithium niobate Fabry–Perot modulator [Invited] Editors' Pick
[1] R. S. Weis, T. K. Gaylord. Lithium niobate: summary of physical properties and crystal structure. Appl. Phys. A, 37, 191(1985).
[2] A. Honardoost, K. Abdelsalam, S. Fathpour. Rejuvenating a versatile photonic material: thin-film lithium niobate. Laser Photon. Rev., 14, 2000088(2020).
[3] C. Wang, M. Zhang, X. Chen, M. Bertrand, A. Shams-Ansari, S. Chandrasekhar, P. Winzer, M. Lončar. Integrated lithium niobate electro-optic modulators operating at CMOS-compatible voltages. Nature, 562, 101(2018).
[4] V. E. Stenger, J. Toney, A. PoNick, D. Brown, B. Griffin, R. Nelson, S. Sriram. Low loss and low Vpi thin film lithium niobate on quartz electro-optic modulators. 2017 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC), 1(2017).
[5] M. He, M. Xu, Y. Ren, J. Jian, Z. Ruan, Y. Xu, S. Gao, S. Sun, X. Wen, L. Zhou, L. Liu, C. Guo, H. Chen, S. Yu, L. Liu, X. Cai. High-performance hybrid silicon and lithium niobate Mach–Zehnder modulators for 100 Gbit s−1 and beyond. Nat. Photon., 13, 359(2019).
[6] X. Wang, P. O. Weigel, J. Zhao, M. Ruesing, S. Mookherjea. Achieving beyond-100-GHz large-signal modulation bandwidth in hybrid silicon photonics Mach Zehnder modulators using thin film lithium niobate. APL Photon., 4, 096101(2019).
[7] S. Sun, M. He, M. Xu, X. Zhang, Z. Ruan, L. Zhou, L. Liu, L. Liu, S. Yu, X. Cai. High-speed modulator with integrated termination resistor based on hybrid silicon and lithium niobate platform. J. Lightwave Technol., 39, 1108(2020).
[8] M. Xu, M. He, H. Zhang, J. Jian, Y. Pan, X. Liu, L. Chen, X. Meng, H. Chen, Z. Li, X. Xiao, S. Yu, S. Yu, X. Cai. High-performance coherent optical modulators based on thin-film lithium niobate platform. Nat. Commun., 11, 3911(2020).
[9] L. Chen, Q. Xu, M. G. Wood, R. M. Reano. Hybrid silicon and lithium niobate electro-optical ring modulator. Optica, 1, 112(2014).
[10] A. Guarino, G. Poberaj, D. Rezzonico, R. Degl’Innocenti, P. Günter. Electro-optically tunable microring resonators in lithium niobate. Nat. Photon., 1, 407(2007).
[11] A. Rao, A. Patil, J. Chiles, M. Malinowski, S. Novak, K. Richardson, P. Rabiei, S. Fathpour. Heterogeneous microring and Mach–Zehnder modulators based on lithium niobate and chalcogenide glasses on silicon. Opt. Express, 23, 22746(2015).
[12] C. Wang, M. Zhang, B. Stern, M. Lipson, M. Loncar. Nanophotonic lithium niobate electro-optic modulators. Opt. Express, 26, 1547(2018).
[13] A. N. R. Ahmed, S. Shi, A. J. Mercante, D. W. Prather. High-performance racetrack resonator in silicon nitride–thin film lithium niobate hybrid platform. Opt. Express, 27, 30741(2019).
[14] M. R. Escalé, D. Pohl, A. Sergeyev, R. Grange. Extreme electro-optic tuning of Bragg mirrors integrated in lithium niobate nanowaveguides. Opt. Lett., 43, 1515(2018).
[15] M. R. Escalé, D. Pohl, W. Heni, B. Baeuerle, A. Josten, A. Sergeyev, J. Leuthold, R. Grange. Integrated electro-optic Bragg modulators in lithium niobate nanowaveguides. Advanced Photonics 2018, IW4I.4(2018).
[16] J. Wang, P. Chen, D. Dai, L. Liu. Polarization coupling of X-cut thin film lithium niobate based waveguides. IEEE Photon. J., 12, 2200310(2020).
[17] J. Jian, P. Xu, H. Chen, M. He, Z. Wu, L. Zhou, L. Liu, C. Yang, S. Yu. High-efficiency hybrid amorphous silicon grating couplers for sub-micron-sized lithium niobate waveguides. Opt. Express, 26, 29651(2018).
[18] X. Xiao, X. Y. Li, H. Xu, Y. T. Hu, K. Xiong, Z. Y. Li, T. Chu, J. Z. Yu, Y. D. Yu. 44-Gb/s silicon microring modulators based on zigzag PN junctions. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 24, 1712(2012).
[19] G. Li, A. V. Krishnamoorthy, I. Shubin, J. Yao, Y. Luo, H. Thacker, X. Zheng, K. Raj, J. E. Cunningham. Ring resonator modulators in silicon for interchip photonic links. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., 19, 3401819(2013).
[20] T. Baba, S. Akiyama, M. Imai, N. Hirayama, H. Takahashi, Y. Noguchi, T. Horikawa, T. Usuki. 50-Gb/s ring-resonator-based silicon modulator. Opt. Express, 21, 11869(2013).
[21] Y. Tong, Z. Hu, X. Wu, S. Liu, L. Chang, A. Netherton, C. Chan, J. E. Bowers, H. K. Tsang. An experimental demonstration of 160-Gbit/s PAM-4 using a silicon micro-ring modulator. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 32, 125(2019).
[22] M. Li, J. Ling, Y. He, U. A. Javid, S. Xue, Q. Lin. Lithium niobate photonic-crystal electro-optic modulator. Nat. Commun., 11, 4123(2020).
[23] J. Muller, F. Merget, S. S. Azadeh, J. Hauck, S. R. Garcia, B. Shen, J. Witzens. Optical peaking enhancement in high-speed ring modulators. Sci. Rep., 4, 6310(2014).
[24] H. Yu, D. Q. Ying, M. Pantouvaki, J. Van Campenhout, P. Absil, Y. L. Hao, J. Y. Yang, X. Q. Jiang. Trade-off between optical modulation amplitude and modulation bandwidth of silicon micro-ring modulators. Opt. Express, 22, 15178(2014).
[25] M. Bahadori, Y. Yang, A. E. Hassanien, L. L. Goddard, S. Gong. Theory of coupled harmonics and its application to resonant and non-resonant electro-optic modulators. J. Lightwave Technol., 38, 5756(2020).
[26] J. P. Salvestrini, L. Guilbert, M. Fontana, M. Abarkan, S. Gille. Analysis and control of the DC drift in LiNbO3-based Mach–Zehnder modulators. J. Lightwave Technol., 29, 1522(2011).
[27] S. Sun, M. He, M. Xu, S. Gao, Z. Chen, X. Zhang, Z. Ruan, X. Wu, L. Zhou, L. Liu, C. Lu, C. Guo, L. Liu, S. Yu, X. Cai. Bias-drift-free Mach–Zehnder modulators based on a heterogeneous silicon and lithium niobate platform. Photon. Res., 8, 1958(2020).
Get Citation
Copy Citation Text
Mengyue Xu, Mingbo He, Yuntao Zhu, Lin Liu, Lifeng Chen, Siyuan Yu, Xinlun Cai, "Integrated thin film lithium niobate Fabry–Perot modulator [Invited]," Chin. Opt. Lett. 19, 060003 (2021)
Category: Special Issue on Lithium Niobate Based Photonic Devices
Received: Dec. 25, 2020
Accepted: Feb. 2, 2021
Published Online: Mar. 26, 2021
The Author Email: Lifeng Chen (chenlf37@mail.sysu.edu.cn), Siyuan Yu (yusy@mail.sysu.edu.cn), Xinlun Cai (caixlun5@mail.sysu.edu.cn)