Fig. 1. Coplanar waveguide and lumped superconducting microwave resonator structures^[44]

Fig. 2. Working principle of MKID^[20]

Fig. 3. Antenna-coupled MKID^[47] and LEKID^[48]

Fig. 4. Readout system of MKID^[45]

Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of the on-chip spectrometer structure^[49]

Fig. 6. Schematic diagrams of DESHIMA 1.0 and DESHIMA 2.0^[52]

Fig. 7. Structure of BLAST-TNG^[66]

Fig. 8. Structure of TolTEC^[22]

Fig. 9. Schematic diagram of the design of MKID for CMB detection^[71]

Fig. 10. CORE containing 2100 pixels^[72]

Fig. 11. The camera of DemnoCam^[82]

Fig. 12. Multi-wavelength image of the MACSJ1423.8+2404 cluster, where the areas within the blue and yellow coils were completed by NIKA^[91]

Fig. 13. Cryogenic LED pixel-to-frequency mapper for kinetic inductance detector arrays ^[108]