Terahertz waves, spanning the millimeter and submillimeter wavelength ranges between the microwave and far-infrared regions (approximately 3 mm to 30 μm), represent a critical spectral range in astrophysical and cosmological research. Of the photons detectable since the beginning of the universe, approximately 98% fall within the terahertz and far-infrared bands. A significant proportion of these photons originate from the cosmic microwave background radiation, while others arise from excited molecules that exhibit bright spectral emissions in the terahertz range. As a result, terahertz-based astronomical observation techniques are becoming increasingly essential for investigating the universe’s fundamental properties. Through the observation of interstellar atoms, molecules, and dust, terahertz astronomy provides valuable insights into the internal conditions of the interstellar medium and offers a unique observational window into the formation and evolution of stars, planets, galaxies, and the universe itself. In recent years, many large astronomical telescopes have begun incorporating terahertz detectors based on microwave kinetic inductance detector (MKID), positioning MKID as a pivotal technology in the field of terahertz astronomical detection. This paper outlines the fundamental principles of MKID, reviews recent advancements in the application of MKIDs to terahertz detection, and discusses future developments in this promising area of research.