As the connecting spectral band of visible-near infrared and thermal infrared, mid-infrared (MIR) combines the reflective characteristics of short-wave radiation and the emissive characteristics of long-wave radiation, which is of great importance for application scenarios such as temperature detection and target identification. At present, the radiative transfer (RT) calculation of the MIR spectrum still faces the problem of many input background parameters which are not easy to obtain. Based on this, a simplified parameterization scheme of MIR RT for satellite remote sensing is proposed. Using the MODTRAN model (MM), the background surface and atmospheric parameters involved in the MIR daytime RT process were quantitatively simulated and analyzed to obtain the key parameters affecting RT, from which an MM-based parameter simplified scheme (SS) was developed. The total radiance calculated by SS and MM is compared and validated at the center wavelength of 6 MIR channels of MODIS, and the RMSE is less than 0.004399 with high accuracy. The SS only relies on surface temperature, surface emissivity, atmospheric profile type, water vapor and cloud optical thickness, and does not require input of aerosol, CO₂ and O₃ data. Compared with the MM, the SS reduces the input parameters from 8 categories to 5 categories, and the calculation time efficiency increases by 9.02%. With limited computational resources, the SS proposed in this paper can provide support for the application areas such as fast processing of MIR images and remote sensing simulation of large scenes.