Effect of WC Content on Microstructure and Properties of WC/Ni60 Laser Cladding Layer

Xianhua Tian; Binbin Chen; Xiaodong Yang; Ya Liu; Kequ Wang; Yanqing Wang

doi:10.3788/CJL240824

Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 52, Issue 4, 0402205(2025)

Effect of WC Content on Microstructure and Properties of WC/Ni60 Laser Cladding Layer

Xianhua Tian^1,2, Binbin Chen^1,2, Xiaodong Yang³, Ya Liu^1,2, Kequ Wang^1,2, and Yanqing Wang^4、*

¹School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu , China

²Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mining Electromechanical Equipment, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu , China

³Inspur Electronic Information Industry Co., Ltd., Jinan 250013, Shandong , China

⁴School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu , China

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Figures & Tables(25)

Fig. 1. Microstructures of powders. (a) Ni60; (b) WC

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$Macroscopic morphologies of cladding layers under different WC mass fractions. (a) 0%;(b) 5%;(c) 15%;(d) 25%;(e) 35%$

Fig. 2. Macroscopic morphologies of cladding layers under different WC mass fractions. (a) 0%;(b) 5%;(c) 15%;(d) 25%;(e) 35%

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$XRD results of cladding layers under different WC mass fractions$

Fig. 3. XRD results of cladding layers under different WC mass fractions

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Fig. 4. Cross-section microstructures of Ni-0%WC cladding layer. (a) Bottom of cladding layer; (b) middle of cladding layer; (c) top of cladding layer

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$Microscopic morphologies of cladding layers with different WC mass fractions. (a) 5%; (b) 15%; (c) 25%; (d) 35%$

Fig. 5. Microscopic morphologies of cladding layers with different WC mass fractions. (a) 5%; (b) 15%; (c) 25%; (d) 35%

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Fig. 6. Bottom topographies of Ni-5%WC cladding layer. (a)(b) Around WC particles; (c)(d) away from WC particle zone

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Fig. 7. Microscopic morphologies of middle and upper part of Ni-5%WC cladding layer and distributions of precipitate elements. (a) Herringbone precipitates; (b) EDS layered image;(c) distribution of Cr element; (d) distribution of Ni element; (e) distribution of C element; (f) distribution of Fe element

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$Microstructures of cladding layers with different WC mass fractions. (a)(b) 15%; (c)(d) 25%; (e)(f) 35%$

Fig. 8. Microstructures of cladding layers with different WC mass fractions. (a)(b) 15%; (c)(d) 25%; (e)(f) 35%

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Fig. 9. Microscopic morphologies of upper part of Ni-35%WC cladding layer and distributions of precipitate elements. (a) Microstructure of upper cladding layer; (b) fishbone-shaped precipitate; (c) EDS layered image of fishbone-shaped precipitate; (d) distribution of C element; (e) distribution of Fe element; (f) distribution of W element; (g) distribution of Ni element; (h) distribution of Si element; (i) distribution of Cr element

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Fig. 10. Microhardness distributions of cladding layers. (a) Distribution curves of microhardness; (b) average microhardness values

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Fig. 11. Friction coefficients of substrate and cladding layers. (a) Friction coefficient curves; (b) average friction coefficients

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Fig. 12. Wear morphologies of substrate surface. (a) Wear zone; (b) partial enlargement

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Fig. 13. Friction and wear morphologies of Ni-0%WC cladding layer. (a) Wear zone; (b) partial enlargement

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Fig. 14. Friction and wear morphology of cladding layers. (a)‒(c) Ni-5%WC; (d)‒(f) Ni-15%WC; (g)‒(i)Ni-25%WC; (j)‒(l)Ni-35%WC

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Fig. 15. Element analysis of wear area. (a) Measurement position; (b)‒(h) measurement results

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Fig. 16. Wear weight loss values of different specimens

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Fig. 17. Friction coefficients at high temperature. (a) Friction coefficient curves; (b) average friction coefficients

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Fig. 18. High-temperature friction and wear morphologies. (a)‒(c) Substrate; (d)‒(f) Ni-15%WC; (g)‒(i) Ni-25%WC

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Fig. 19. Element analysis of high-temperature wear area. (a) Measurement position; (b)‒(h) measurement results

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Fig. 20. Corrosion morphologies. (a) Substrate; (b) Ni-0%WC; (c) Ni-45%WC

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Fig. 21. Dynamic potential polarization curves

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Table 1. Compositions of Ni60 alloy
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Table 1. Compositions of Ni60 alloy
Element C Si Cr Fe B Ni
Mass fraction /% 0.8‒1.2 3.5‒4.0 14.0‒16.0 14.0‒15.0 3.0‒3.5 Bal.

Table 2. Process parameters of laser cladding
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Table 2. Process parameters of laser cladding
Parameter
Laser
power /W
Scanning speed /
（mm·min^-1）
Feeding speed /
（g·min^-1）
Spot
diameter /mm
Overlap
rate %
Value 1500 420 6 2 50

Table 3. EDS analysis results at different positions of cladding layers with different WC mass fractions

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Table 3. EDS analysis results at different positions of cladding layers with different WC mass fractions

Test point	Mass fraction /%
Test point	C	Si	Cr	Fe	Ni	W
A	4.89	‒	5.56	36.26	49.08	‒
B	9.35	5.17	42.26	20.78	23.48	‒
C	3.81	‒	6.51	36.21	43.54	5.62
D	7.71	3.17	19.38	20.67	25.48	35.62
E	12.81	1.52	4.99	32.52	38.34	8.68
F	6.76	2.68	25.52	26.91	15.63	30.59
G	6.52	2.31	23.02	21.70	14.44	31.31
H	4.50	4.13	11.59	18.39	16.24	46.14
I	6.46	‒	6.09	11.70	4.44	71.31

Table 4. Parameters of anode passivation zone of cladding layer
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Table 4. Parameters of anode passivation zone of cladding layer
Cladding layer
Passivation
potential /V
Transpassivation
potential /V
Passivation potential
range /V
Vibrational current /
（A·cm^-2）
Ni-0%WC -0.291 0.367 0.658 6.6989×10^-7
Ni-45%WC -0.312 0.240 0.552 8.2443×10^-7

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Xianhua Tian, Binbin Chen, Xiaodong Yang, Ya Liu, Kequ Wang, Yanqing Wang. Effect of WC Content on Microstructure and Properties of WC/Ni60 Laser Cladding Layer[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2025, 52(4): 0402205

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