Fig. 1. Conceptual illustration of active-detection-based single-shot ultrafast optical imaging technology

Fig. 2. Single-shot femtosecond time-resolved optical polarigraphy^[27]. (a) Experimental setup; (b) transmission process of femtosecond pulses in fused quartz medium

Fig. 3. Digital light-in-fight recording by holography ^[32]. (a) Experimental setup; (b) light pulse propagated in the 3D scattering medium

Fig. 4. Sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography (STAMP). (a) Schematic of STAMP^[28]; (b) schematic of the SF-STAMP^[29]; (c) schematic of the branched 4f system for boosted STAMP^[34]; (d) schematic of acousto-optically driven lensless SF-STAMP^[35]

Fig. 5. Angular dispersion separation by the transient grating^[36]. (a) Experimental setup; (b) concept of the diffraction of an angularly dispersed probe pulse by the transient grating; (c) diffracted signal as a function of delay

Fig. 6. Ultrafast all-optical solid-state framing camera (UASFC)^[37-38]. (a) Principle of the UASFC; (b) TSS; (c) SMD; (d) experimental results of the UASFC's six framing images

Fig. 7. Single-shot time- and spatial-frequency multiplexing imaging holography^[30]. (a) Schematic diagram of the imaging setup; (b) initial process of generating a plasma string by the irradiation of a strong pump pulse in the air

Fig. 8. Single-shot frequency-domain tomography^[42-43]. (a) Schematic of the experimental setup; (b) 2D frequency-domain hologram; (c) reciprocal 2D hologram; (d) phase streaks induced by the evolving index profile; (e) evolution process of transient refractive index induced by strong laser pulses

Fig. 9. Frequency recognition algorithm for multiple exposures (FRAME) ^[31]. (a) Experimental setup; (b) operating principle of FRAME; (c) raw image obtained by CCD; (d) 2D Fourier transform of Fig.9(c); (e) magnified view in square area of Fig.9(c); (f) four framing images

Fig. 10. Multiplexed structured image capture (MUSIC)^[50]. (a) Experimental setup; (b) operating principle of MUSIC

Fig. 11. Time-resolved holographic polarization microscopy (THPM)^[53]. (a) Experimental setup; (b) time-resolved amplitude and phase contrast imaging of ultrafast laser-induced damage in a mica lamina sample

Fig. 12. All-optical coaxial framing photography^[58]. (a) Experimental setup; (b) principle of the parallel coherence shutters; (c) maps of electron areal density generated by laser driving aluminum foil

Fig. 13. All-optical ultra-fast high spatiotemporal resolution imaging system (FINCOPA)^[60]. (a) Schematic diagram of FINCOPA; (b) experimental setup of FINCOPA; (c) four framing images of the ultrafast rotating optical field

Fig. 14. Icarus hCMOS imager^［66］. (a) Photograph of Icarus hCMOS imager; (b) laser waveform; (c) time-gated beam profile in temporal slice 2; (d) time-gated beam profile in temporal slice 4