Distribution Mechanism of Cr Element During Laser Cladding Overlapping Process of 316L Powder on 45 Steel Substrate

Yazhou Zhang; Honghao Ge; Chenyu Jin; Zhijun Chen; Qunli Zhang; Jianhua Yao

doi:10.3788/CJL221000

Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 50, Issue 8, 0802204(2023)

Distribution Mechanism of Cr Element During Laser Cladding Overlapping Process of 316L Powder on 45 Steel Substrate

Yazhou Zhang^1,2,3, Honghao Ge^1,2,3、*, Chenyu Jin^1,2,3, Zhijun Chen^1,2,3, Qunli Zhang^1,2,3, and Jianhua Yao^1,2,3

Author Affiliations

¹Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang , China

²College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang , China

³Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Laser Manufacturing Equipment, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang , China

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Figures & Tables(16)

Fig. 1. Process of laser cladding. (a) Schematic of laser cladding; (b) physical drawing of test sample

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Fig. 2. Size and boundary conditions of laser cladding overlapping model

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Fig. 3. Evolution process of computational domain

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Fig. 4. Temperature field evolution cloud diagrams of first cladding layer. (a)(d) t=1 s; (b)(e) t=2 s; (c)(f) t=3 s

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Fig. 5. Temperature field evolution cloud diagrams of second cladding layer. (a)(d) t=7 s; (b)(e) t=8 s; (c)(f) t=9 s

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Fig. 6. Comparison of laser cladding pool morphology. (a) Molten pool morphology of first cladding layer; (b)(c) simulation results; (d) experimental metallographic diagram

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Fig. 7. Comparison of laser cladding pool morphology. (a) Molten pool morphology of second cladding layer; (b)(c) simulation results; (d) experimental metallographic diagram

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Fig. 8. Flow field distribution diagrams of first cladding layer. (a) Molten pool topography; (b) flow rate of longitudinal section; (c) flow rate of cross section

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Fig. 9. Flow field distribution diagrams of second cladding layer. (a) Molten pool topography; (b) flow rate of longitudinal section; (c) flow rate of cross section

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Fig. 10.

Distributions of Cr element in cross section of laser cladding layer. (a) Schematic of simulated solid phase; (b) (e) distributions of Cr element at different positions

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Fig. 11.

Distributions of Cr element in longitudinal section of laser cladding layer. (a) Schematic of simulated solid phase; (b) (d) distributions of Cr element at different positions

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Fig. 12. Comparison of experiment and simulation results. (a) EDS point scanning position on cross section; (b) Cr element content in cross section of cladding layer

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Fig. 13. Comparison of experiment and simulation results. (a) Cr element content in longitudinal section of cladding layer; (b) EDS point scanning position on longitudinal section

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Fig. 14. Schematics of element distribution mechanism in laser cladding overlapping process. (a) Cross section of first cladding layer ;(b) cross section of second cladding layer; (c) longitudinal section of cladding layer

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Table 1. Chemical compositions of 45 steel and 316 L(mass fraction, %)
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Table 1. Chemical compositions of 45 steel and 316 L(mass fraction, %)
Material C Si Mn Cr Ni Mo Fe
45 steel 0.45 0.20 0.60 - - - Bal.
316L 0.02 0.55 1.55 16.50 10.00 2.08 Bal.

Table 2. Main physical parameters in calculation example^[27-29]

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Table 2. Main physical parameters in calculation example^[27-29]

Parameter	Value
Melting point /K	1805.15
Reference density / $(k g \cdot m^{- 3})$	8000
Specific heat $/ (J \cdot k g^{- 1} \cdot K^{- 1})$	500
Thermal conductivity of liquid phase $/ (W \cdot m^{- 1} \cdot K^{- 1})$	209.2
Thermal conductivity of solid phase $/ (W \cdot m^{- 1} \cdot K^{- 1})$	19.2
Latent heat $/ (J \cdot k g^{- 1})$	250000
Viscosity $/ (k g \cdot m^{- 1} \cdot s^{- 1})$	0.0042
Surface tension coefficient $/ (N \cdot m^{- 1} \cdot K^{- 1})$	-0.43×10^-3
Laser absorption rate	0.48
Powder absorption rate	0.5
Volume heat-transfer coefficient $/ (W \cdot m^{- 2} \cdot K^{- 1})$	1.0×10⁹

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Yazhou Zhang, Honghao Ge, Chenyu Jin, Zhijun Chen, Qunli Zhang, Jianhua Yao. Distribution Mechanism of Cr Element During Laser Cladding Overlapping Process of 316L Powder on 45 Steel Substrate[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2023, 50(8): 0802204

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