[1] Iga K. Surface-emitting laser Its birth and generation of new optoelectronics field[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 6, 1201-1215(2000).

[2] Zhao Z B, Xu C, Xie Y Y, et al. Single-mode low threshold current multi-hole vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers[J]. Chinese Physics B, 21, 232-235(2012).

[3] Hamad W, Sanayeh M B, Hamad M M, et al. Impedance characteristics and chip-parasitics extraction of high-performance VCSELs[J]. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 56, 1-11(2020).

[4] Tong H T, Tong C Z, Wang Z Y, et al. Advances in the technology of 850 nm high-speed vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (Invited)[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 49, 20201077(2020).

[5] Zang J Y, Li X, Zhang J W, et al. Research progress of vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser[J]. Chinese Journal of Luminescence, 41, 1443-1459(2020).

[6] Liu K, Wei Q, Huang Y Q, et al. Integrated optoelectronic chip pair for transmitting and receiving optical signals simultaneously[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 17, 56-60(2019).

[7] Zhang R, Rahul M, Ken S, et al. Portable intrinsic gradiometer for ultra-sensitive detection of magnetic gradient in unshielded environment[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 116, 143501(2020).

[8] Isoe G, Karembera R S, Gibbon T B. Advanced VCSEL photonics: Multi-level PAM for spectral efficient 5 G wireless transport network[J]. Optics Communications, 461, 125273(2020).

[9] [9] Jin X, Xiao X, Sun Y, et al. Monolithic transfmer its application in a highspeed optical interconnect VCSEL driver[J]. Analog Integrated Circuits Signal Processing, 2019, 99(3): 645654.

[10] [10] Serkl D K, Geib K M. VCSELs f atomic clocks [C]Proceedings of SPIEThe International Society f Optical Engineering, 2006, 6132: 647095.

[11] [11] AlSamaneh A, Renz S, Strodl A, et al. Polarizationstable singlemode VCSELs f Csbased MEMS atomic clock applications [C]Proceedings of SPIEThe International Society f Optical Engineering , 2010, 7720: 853181.

[12] Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhu H, et al. High-temperature operating 894.6 nm-VCSELs with extremely low threshold for Cs-based chip scale atomic clocks[J]. Optics Express, 23, 14763-14773(2015).

[13] [13] Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang J W, et al. 894 nm high temperature operating verticalcavity surfaceemitting laser its application in Cs chipscale atomicclock system [J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2016, 65(13): 134204. (in Chinese)

[14] [14] Kroemer E, Rutkowski J, Maurice V, et al. acterization of commercially available verticalcavity surfaceemitting lasers tuned on Cs D_1 line at 894.6nm f miniature atomic clocks[J]. Applied Optics, 2016, 55(31): 008839.

[15] Yanagimachi S, Harasaka K, Suzuki R, et al. Reducing frequency drift caused by light shift in coherent population trapping-based low-power atomic clocks[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 116, 104102(2020).

[16] [16] Zhang H, Herdian H, Narayanan A T, et al. ULPAC: A miniaturized ultralowpower atomic clock[J]. IEEE Journal of SolidState Circuits, 2019, 54(11): 31353148.

[17] Yano Y, Kajita M, Ido T, et al. Coherent population trapping atomic clock by phase modulation for wide locking range[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 111, 201107(2017).

[18] [18] Zhang J P, Petermann K. Numerical analysis of transverse mode in gainguided vertical cavity surface emitting lasers[J]. IEE Proceedings, Part J, 1995, 142(1): 2935.

[19] [19] Michalzik R. VCSELs: Fundamentals, Technology Applications of Verticalcavity Surfaceemitting Lasers[M]. Berlin: Springer, 2013.

[20] [20] Agrawal G P. FiberOptic Communication Systems[M]. New Yk: Wiley, 2004.

[21] [21] Marcuse D. They of Dielectric Optical Waveguides[M]. 2nd ed. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1991.

[22] [22] Buck J A. Fundamentals of Optical Fibers[M]. New Yk: Wiley, 1995.