Fig. 1. Schematic of synchronous nanosecond laser-assisted electrolchemical processing. (a) Processing principle; (b) schematic illustration of laser beam propagation in tool electrode by internal total reflection; (c) photo of tube electrode from the side view; (d) photo of tube electrode from the end view

Fig. 2. Schematic of experimental setup for synchronous nanosecond laser-assisted electrolchemical processing

Fig. 3. Synchronous nanosecond laser-assisted electrolchemical processing results of titanium alloy at different electrolysis voltages

Fig. 4. Variation of microgroove width, depth and bottom roughness with electrolysis voltage

Fig. 5. Processing results at different laser powers. (a) P=3 W; (b) P=6 W

Fig. 6. Variation of microgroove width, depth and bottom roughness with laser power

Fig. 7. Processing results at different feed speeds. (a) v=0.8 mm/min; (b) v=1.2 mm/min; (c) v=2.2 mm/min

Fig. 8. Variation of microgroove width, depth and bottom roughness with feed speed

Fig. 9. Rectangular table structures processed under different laser powers. (a) P=5 W; (b) P=5 W→3 W

Fig. 10. Three-dimensional structures processed by synchronous nanosecond laser-assisted electrolchemical processing and their profile. (a) Rectangular table structure; (b) deep and narrow groove structure