Fig. 1. SEM images of metal powder. (a) TC4; (b) V

Fig. 2. Photographs of LAM specimen

Fig. 3. Sampling method of test samples. (a) Selected location; (b) tensile sample size

Fig. 4. X-ray diffraction patterns of as-deposited stateswith different V additions

Fig. 5. Macrostructures of as-deposited states with different V additions. (a) 0%; (b) 2%; (c) 4%; (d) 6%; (e) 8%; (f) 10%

Fig. 6. Grain sizes of as-deposited states with different V additions. (a) Average bottom width of Z directional columnar crystals; (b) average length of equiaxed crystals in XY direction at top of columnar crystals

Fig. 7. Microstructures of as-deposited states with different V additions. (a) 0%; (b) 2%; (c) 4%; (d) 6%; (e) 8%; (f) 10%

Fig. 8. Primary α phase sizes under different V additions. (a) Length-width radio; (b) width

Fig. 9. EBSD phase analysis results of Ti alloys with different V additions. (a) 0%; (b) 2%; (c) 4%; (d) 6%; (e) 8%; (f) 10%

Fig. 10. Effects of V on α and β phase contents in TC4＋V alloy

Fig. 11. TEM analysis results. (a)(d) α electron diffraction patterns; (b) TC4; (c)(f) β electron diffraction patterns; (e) TC4＋6%V

Fig. 12. Effect of V addition on average hardness of as-deposited state samples

Fig. 13. Effects of V addition on tensile properties of as-deposited state. (a) Stress-strain curves; (b) tensile strength and elongation

Fig. 14. Fracture morphologies of Ti alloys with different V additions in Z direction. (a) 0%; (b) 2%; (c) 4%; (d) 6%; (e) 8%; (f) 10%