Application Progress and Prospect of Fiber Laser in Metal Additive Manufacturing

Fig. 1. Schematics of two typical laser additive manufacturing system for metal. (a) Powder bed fusion additive manufacturing system; (b) directed energy deposition additive and subtractive composite manufacturing system

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Fig. 2. Fiber laser principle and ytterbium-doped fiber^[19]. (a) Fiber laser system; (b) single-mode and multi-mode optical fibers;(c) absorption and emission spectra of ytterbium-doped fiber

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Fig. 3. Process of selective laser melting forming^[39-40]. (a) Mechanisms of melting track overlap forming and defects formation; (b) melting pool and spatter information

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Fig. 4. Several typical digital materials and digital structure samples^[43-45]. (a) 316L/CuSn10 bimetal structure; (b) 316L topology optimization of FCC/VC/ECC lattice type porous structures; (c) CuSn-18Ni300 bimetallic gradient porous structure

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Fig. 5. Directed energy deposition technology^[10,47]. (a) Classification of directed energy deposition technology; (b) wire-feed directed energy deposition system

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Fig. 6. Typical materials samples deposited by directed energy deposition with fiber laser. (a) Ti6Al4V alloy^[58]; (b) Ni718 alloy^[61]; (c) 227-F colmonoy nickel-based alloy^[62]; (d) 304 austenite steel^[63]; (e) 316LSi stainless steel^[66]; (f) NiTi alloy

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Table 1. Classification and comparison of powder bed fusion

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Table 1. Classification and comparison of powder bed fusion

Method	Activation source	Forming speed	Forming accuracy	Main material type
Selective laser melting	Laser	Slow	High	Metal
Selective laser sintering	Laser	Fast	High	Polymer
Electron beam selective melting	Electron beam	Fast	Low	Metal

Table 2. Equipment and parameters of domestic and foreign SLM manufacturers

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Table 2. Equipment and parameters of domestic and foreign SLM manufacturers

Company	Model	Build volume /(mm×mm×mm)	Laser power /W	Laser type	Material
SLM solution(GER)	SLM125	125×125×125	400	IPG fiberlaser /CW	Stainless steel,Ti6Al4V, AlSi10Mg,IN718, etc.
SLM solution(GER)	SLM500	500×280×365		IPG fiberlaser /CW	2×4002×700
ConceptLaser/GEAdditive(USA)	Mlab Cusing	50×50×8070×70×8090×90×80	100	Fiber laser /CW	Stainless steel,titanium alloy,aluminum alloy, etc.
ConceptLaser/GEAdditive(USA)	M2 Series 5	245×245×350		Fiber laser /CW	4002×400
DMG MORI(USA)	LASERTEC12 SLM	125×125×200	200400	Fiber laser /CW	Stainless steel,titanium, aluminumor tool steel, etc.
DMG MORI(USA)	LASERTEC30 SLM	300×300×300		Fiber laser /CW	6001000
EOS(GER)	EOS M 100	ϕ100×95	200	Yb fiberlaser /CW	Stainless steel,titanium-based alloys,AlSi10Mg, IN718, etc.
	EOS M 290	250×250×325			400
	EOS M 300	300×300×400			4001000
	EOS M 400	400×400×400			1000
Renishaw(UK)	RenAM 500	250×250×350	500	Fiber laser /CW	Stainless steel, titaniumalloy, aluminum alloy, etc.
Bright LaserTech (CHN)	BLT-A100	100×100×100	200	Fiber laser /CW	Titanium alloy, aluminumalloy, nickel-based alloy,stainless steel, etc.
	BLT-A300	250×250×300			500
	BLT-S400	400×250×400			2×500
FarsoonTech(CHN)	FS121M	120×120×100	200	Fiber laser /CW	316L,CoCrMoW,CoCrMo,CuSn10,IN625,IN718, etc.
	FS271M	275×275×340			316L,CoCrMoW,CoCrMo,CuSn10,IN625,IN718, etc.	500
	FS421M	425×425×420			5002×500
	Laseradd(CHN)	DiMetal-100	100×100×100		200	Yb fiberlaser /CW	Stainless steel, cobaltchromium alloy, Ti6Al4V,AlSi10Mg, IN718, etc.
DiMetal-280		250×250×300		500
DiMetal-500		500×250×300		2×500

Table 3. Four typical laser in directed energy deposition additive manufacturing field^[53]

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Table 3. Four typical laser in directed energy deposition additive manufacturing field^[53]

Laser parameter	CO₂ laser	Nd∶YAG laser	Fiber laser	Semiconductor laser
Wavelength /μm	10.06	1.06	1.07	0.8-0.98
Efficiency /%	5-20	LP:1-3DP:10-20	10-30	30-60
Operation mode	CW & pulse	CW & pulse	CW & pulse	CW & pulse
Output power /W	Up to 20000	Up to 16000	Up to 10000	Up to 4000
Pulse energy/pulse duration	1-10 J/100 ns-10 μs,1 J/~100 ns	Up to 120 J/1-20 ms,1.2 J/~3 ns	Up to 15 J/0.2-20 ms,~mJ/40-500 ns	Single diode, μJ/100 ns (50 kHz)
Peak power	Tens MW	50 MW	10 MW	40 W
Beam quality factor /(mm·mrad)	3-5	0.4-20	0.3-4	10-100
Fiber delivery	Not possible	Possible	Possible	Possible
Maintenance periods	2000 h	200 h (lamp life)	Maintenance free,pump diode life isabout 100000 h	Maintenance free,pump diode lifeis about 100000 h

Table 4. Directed energy deposition equipment and lasers used at home and abroad

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Table 4. Directed energy deposition equipment and lasers used at home and abroad

Equipment manufacturer	Equipment model	Laser power /kW	laser type
OPTOMEC(USA)	LENS systems series	0.4-3	Fiber laser/CW
ADDITEC(USA)	μPrinter	0.6	Semiconductor laser
InssTek(KR)	MX series	0.3-5	Yb fiber laser/CW
DMG MORI(GER)	LASERTEC 65 3D	2.5,3	Fiber laser/CW
TRUMPF (GER)	TruPrint series	0.2-0.5	Fiber laser/CW
Meltio (ESP)	M450	0.6	Solid state laser/CW
Bright Laser Technologies(CHN)	BLT-C600	1,2,4	Fiber laser/CW
	BLT-C1000	2,4,6	Fiber laser/CW
TSC(CHN)	TSC-S series	10	Fiber laser/CW
AFS(CHN)	AFS-D600	1-3	Fiber laser/CW
RAYCHAM(CHN)	RC-LDM2020	0.5-4	Fiber laser/CW
yNAMT(CHN)	YLC-500	2-4	Semiconductor laser
TIANYU(CHN)	TY3Z-201703	10	Fiber laser/CW
Laser Add(CHN)	Laseradd-PR-500	6	Fiber laser/CW
	Laseradd-DED-500H	1.5	Semiconductor laser

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Yongqiang Yang, Shibiao Wu, Yue Zhang, Yongqiang Zhu. Application Progress and Prospect of Fiber Laser in Metal Additive Manufacturing[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2020, 47(5): 0500012

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Paper Information

Category: reviews

Received: Mar. 31, 2020

Accepted: Apr. 17, 2020

Published Online: May. 12, 2020

The Author Email: Yang Yongqiang (meyqyang@scut.edu.cn)

DOI:10.3788/CJL202047.0500012

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Classification and comparison of powder bed fusion

Table 1. Classification and comparison of powder bed fusion

Table 2. Equipment and parameters of domestic and foreign SLM manufacturers

Table 2. Equipment and parameters of domestic and foreign SLM manufacturers

Table 3. Four typical laser in directed energy deposition additive manufacturing field[53]

Table 3. Four typical laser in directed energy deposition additive manufacturing field[53]

Table 4. Directed energy deposition equipment and lasers used at home and abroad

Table 4. Directed energy deposition equipment and lasers used at home and abroad

Table 3. Four typical laser in directed energy deposition additive manufacturing field^[53]

Table 3. Four typical laser in directed energy deposition additive manufacturing field^[53]