Fig. 1. Experimental setup. The FLAME laser is sent to an aluminium target. The charged particles emitted during this interaction are revealed by two single-shot time resolved measurements: electro-optic sampling diagnostics, able to measure the electric field carried by relativistic fast electrons, and a time-of-flight diamond detector, used to measure the temporal distribution of protons arriving at it and to retrieve their energy spectra^[20].

Fig. 2. Simultaneous detection of the (a) ultrafast electron charge, (b) temporal length, and maximum proton energy for different available target thicknesses.

Fig. 3. Simultaneous detection of the (a) ultrafast electron charge, (b) temporal length, and maximum proton energy for different laser durations.

Fig. 4. Simultaneous detection of the (a) ultrafast electron charge, (b) temporal length, and maximum proton energy for different spot sizes.