Fig. 1. Size of the perforated plate and experimental process of the LPF. (a) Perforated plate; (b) size of the section; (c) experimental process; (d) schematic diagram of bending deformation for specimen

Fig. 2. Schematic diagrams of laser shot peening paths and overlapping rate of spots. (a) SSLP; (b) WSLP; (c) overlapping rate of spots

Fig. 3. Schematic diagrams of calculation for curvature radius and division for deformation regions. (a) Calculation for curvature radius; (b) division for deformation regions

Fig. 4. Model and meshing result of perforated plate. (a) Model; (b) meshing result

Fig. 5. Pressure characteristics of laser shock wave. (a) Time distribution; (b) variation in internal energy and kinetic energy with time for 10 J laser energy in step 1

Fig. 6. Dynamic stress evolutions at the circular perforation under 10 J energy with single pulse laser shot peening. (a) Surface area; (b) near the circular perforation in the depth direction

Fig. 7. Dynamic evolutions of the stress wave along the depth direction with time for different energy lasers. (a) 10 J; (b) 6 J

Fig. 8. Distributions of residual stress for different specimens along x-axis and y-axis directions. (a) S1; (b) S2; (c) S3; (d) S4; (e) S5; (f) S6

Fig. 9. Distribution curves of residual stress. (a) Stress distribution along the path-1 in the x-axis direction; (b) stress distribution along the path-2 in the y-axis direction

Fig. 10. Comparison results between experimental and simulated values. (a) Stress distribution along the path-1 in the x-axis direction; (b) stress distribution along the path-2 in the y-axis direction

Fig. 11. Simulated and experimental deformed profiles of perforated plates. (a) Simulated results of deformations; (b) experimental results of curvature radii

Fig. 12. Comparisons of experimental and simulated results for bending deformation and curvature radius. (a) Bending deformation; (b) curvature radius

Fig. 13. Simulated displacement deformation cloud diagrams of circular and square perforations for perforated plates. (a) Circular perforation of S1; (b) square perforation of S1; (c) circular perforation of S4; (d) square perforation of S4

Fig. 14. Curvature radii and deviation rates of specimens. (a) Simulated results of curvature radius; (b) experimental results of curvature radius; (c) deviation rate