Process and Properties of Ti6Al4V Manufactured using Laser Melting Deposition with Dimensionless Processing Diagram

Jingyu Hou; Zhengyang Li; Huazhen Jiang; Shaoke Yao

doi:10.3788/CJL202249.0202013

Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 49, Issue 2, 0202013(2022)

Process and Properties of Ti6Al4V Manufactured using Laser Melting Deposition with Dimensionless Processing Diagram

Jingyu Hou^1,2, Zhengyang Li¹, Huazhen Jiang^1,2、*, and Shaoke Yao^1,2

Author Affiliations

¹Lab of Mechanics in Advanced Manufacturing, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

²School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

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Abstract Get PDF(in Chinese)

Figures & Tables(19)

Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of melted zone geometry for LMD

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Fig. 2. Dimensionless process diagram for LMD-processing of several alloys

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Fig. 3. Position of selected process parameters in dimensionless process diagram for LMD-processing Ti6Al4V in this paper

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Fig. 4. Schematic of preparation of LMD Ti6Al4V samples and dimension of tensile samples. (a) Preparation method; (b) dimension of tensile samples

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Fig. 5. Microstructure morphology of deposition Ti6Al4V. (a) Coarse columnar grains; (b) basket-weave microstructure；(c) acicular martensite

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Fig. 6. Columnar grain width of deposited Ti-6Al-4V samples at different $E_{0}^{*}$ values

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Fig. 7. Columnar crystal morphology of deposited Ti6Al4V samples at different $E_{0}^{*}$ values. (a) $E_{0}^{*}$ ＝2.18; (b) $E_{0}^{*}$ ＝2.34; (c) $E_{0}^{*}$ ＝3.93

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Fig. 8. Effect of $E_{0}^{*}$ on microhardness

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Fig. 9. Comparison of mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V samples produced by different methods

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Fig. 10. Tensile properties of deposited Ti6Al4V at different $E_{0}^{*}$ values

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Fig. 11. Typical defect morphology of Ti6Al4V samples fabricated by LMD. (a) Lack of fusion at $E_{0}^{*}$ ＝1.5；(b) gas pore at $E_{0}^{*}$ ＝3.93

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Table 1. Dimension of physical quantities
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Table 1. Dimension of physical quantities
Variables q v r_B l h α λ T_m－T₀ ω ρ
Dimensions ML²T^－3 LT^－1 L L L L²T^－1 MLT^－3θ^－1 θ MT^－1 ML^－3

Table 2. Factors and levels of orthogonal experiments
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Table 2. Factors and levels of orthogonal experiments
Level Factor
q(q^*) v(v^*) h(h^*)
1 1000 W(5.53) 6 mm/s(0.66) 1.0 mm(1.0)
2 1250 W(6.91) 8 mm/s(0.88) 1.2 mm(1.2)
3 1500 W(8.29) 10 mm/s(1.10) 1.4 mm(1.4)

Table 3. Experiment layout using L₉ orthogonal array
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Table 3. Experiment layout using L₉ orthogonal array
Experimental number Parameter level
Laser power q /W Scanning velocity v /(mm·s^－1) Hatching space h /mm Error e
1 1 1 1
2 1 2 2
3 1 3 3
4 2 1 3
5 2 2 1
6 2 3 2
7 3 1 2
8 3 2 3
9 3 3 1

Table 4. Thermo-physical properties of Ti6Al4V
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Table 4. Thermo-physical properties of Ti6Al4V
A^[28] α /(m²·s^－1)^[29] λ /(W·m^－1·K^－1)^[29] ρ /(kg·m^－3)^[29] C_p /(J·kg^－1·K^－1)^[29] T_m /K^[29] T₀ /K
0.3 9.09×10^－6 3.51＋0.0127T 4220 412.7＋0.1801T 1923 298

Table 5. Chemical compositions of Ti6Al4V alloy
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Table 5. Chemical compositions of Ti6Al4V alloy
Element Ti Al V Fe C N O
Mass fraction /% Balance 6.28 4.01 0.029 0.018 0.01 0.06

Table 6. Microhardness of Ti6Al4V samples manufactured by LMD

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Table 6. Microhardness of Ti6Al4V samples manufactured by LMD

Number	Factor			$E_{0}^{*}$	Microhardness /HV
Number	q^*	v^*	h^*	$E_{0}^{*}$	Microhardness /HV
1	5.53	0.66	1.0	3.49	380.2
2	5.53	0.88	1.2	2.18	382.7
3	5.53	1.10	1.4	1.50	379.4
4	6.91	0.66	1.2	3.64	402.9
5	6.91	0.88	1.4	2.34	404.3
6	6.91	1.10	1.0	2.62	389.3
7	8.29	0.66	1.4	3.74	391.7
8	8.29	0.88	1.0	3.93	378.7
9	8.29	1.10	1.2	2.61	374.0

Table 7. ANOVA of microhardness
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Table 7. ANOVA of microhardness
Parameter SS_T f V F F_α Significance
q^* 639.29 2 315.15 135.62 F_0.01(2，2)＝99.01 **
v^* 181.60 2 90.80 39.08 F_0.05(2，2)＝19.0 *
h^* 125.18 2 62.59 26.93 *
e 4.65 2 2.32
Total 941.72 8

Table 8. Tensile properties of LMD-Ti6Al4V samples at room temperature

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Table 8. Tensile properties of LMD-Ti6Al4V samples at room temperature

Status of materials	$E_{0}^{*}$	Ultimate tensile strength /MPa	Yield strength /MPa	Elongation /%
LMD(This paper)	1.50(No.3)	962	898	13.3
	2.18(No.2)	1028	954	10.5
	2.34(No.5)	1026	950	8.0
	2.61(No.9)	963	891	11.4
	2.62(No.6)	975	894	11.8
	3.49(No.1)	1008	940	15.6
	3.64(No.4)	971	894	12.7
	3.74(No.7)	980	909	15.2
	3.93(No.8)	991	918	14.1
LENS^[37](Optomec, HIP)	-	1002	899	11.8
Forging(ASTMB382-13)	-	895	828	10

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Jingyu Hou, Zhengyang Li, Huazhen Jiang, Shaoke Yao. Process and Properties of Ti6Al4V Manufactured using Laser Melting Deposition with Dimensionless Processing Diagram[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2022, 49(2): 0202013

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