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Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 50, Issue 23, 2310002(2023)

Simulation of Spaceborne Wind Lidar Based on Fizeau Interferometer

Jiahui Kang1,2, Haiyang Gao1,2、*, Shujun Liao3, Leilei Kou1,2, Piman Ding4, Zhen Wang1,2, and Lingbing Bu1,2
Author Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu , China
  • 2School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044,Jiangsu , China
  • 3Qinghai Meteorological Observatory, Xining 810012, Qinghai , China
  • 4Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering, Shanghai 200240, China
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    References (31)
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    Figures & Tables(11)
    Sub-module structure and logic framework of forward model

    Fig. 1. Sub-module structure and logic framework of forward model

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    Schematic diagram of wind speed detection by Fizeau interferometer of Mie channel. (a),(b) Mie scattering echo spectra and transmission curves of Fizeau interferometer for different central wavelengths; (c),(d) corresponding output images from detector

    Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of wind speed detection by Fizeau interferometer of Mie channel. (a),(b) Mie scattering echo spectra and transmission curves of Fizeau interferometer for different central wavelengths; (c),(d) corresponding output images from detector

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    Schematic diagram of ACCD detection principle and signal on ACCD. (a) Schematic diagram of ACCD detection principle; (b) normalized transmissivity curve on ACCD; (c),(d) relative strength of signal received on ACCD at radial wind speed of 0 (c) and 35 m/s (d)

    Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of ACCD detection principle and signal on ACCD. (a) Schematic diagram of ACCD detection principle; (b) normalized transmissivity curve on ACCD; (c),(d) relative strength of signal received on ACCD at radial wind speed of 0 (c) and 35 m/s (d)

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    Systematic errors of three methods for retrieving radial wind speed. (a) Centroid method; (b) maximum likelihood function; (c), (d) Gaussian correlation algorithm

    Fig. 4. Systematic errors of three methods for retrieving radial wind speed. (a) Centroid method; (b) maximum likelihood function; (c), (d) Gaussian correlation algorithm

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    Typical scene. (a) Spatial distribution of total aerosol mass concentration and cloud ice mixing ratio; (b) total mass concentration of aerosol; (c) cloud ice mixing ratio; (d) attenuation backscattering coefficient; (e) radial wind speed

    Fig. 5. Typical scene. (a) Spatial distribution of total aerosol mass concentration and cloud ice mixing ratio; (b) total mass concentration of aerosol; (c) cloud ice mixing ratio; (d) attenuation backscattering coefficient; (e) radial wind speed

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    Simulation results of three typical profiles marked in Fig. 5(d). (a) 34.95°N; (b) 35.65°N; (c) 36.36°N. (a1),(b1),(c1) Simulation results of ACCD detector signal; (a2),(b2),(c2) normalized results of ACCD detector signal; (a3),(b3),(c3) attenuation backscattering coefficients; (a4),(b4),(c4) input scene wind speed and output simulated wind speed; (a5),(b5),(c5) wind speed error; (a6), (b6), (c6) signal-to-noise ratio

    Fig. 6. Simulation results of three typical profiles marked in Fig. 5(d). (a) 34.95°N; (b) 35.65°N; (c) 36.36°N. (a1),(b1),(c1) Simulation results of ACCD detector signal; (a2),(b2),(c2) normalized results of ACCD detector signal; (a3),(b3),(c3) attenuation backscattering coefficients; (a4),(b4),(c4) input scene wind speed and output simulated wind speed; (a5),(b5),(c5) wind speed error; (a6), (b6), (c6) signal-to-noise ratio

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    Two-dimensional diagram of wind speed simulation results.(a)‒(c) Output simulated wind speed, signal-to-noise ratio, and wind speed error with horizontal resolution of 1 km; (d)‒(f) output simulated wind speed, signal-to-noise ratio, and wind speed error with horizontal resolution of 5 km

    Fig. 7. Two-dimensional diagram of wind speed simulation results.(a)‒(c) Output simulated wind speed, signal-to-noise ratio, and wind speed error with horizontal resolution of 1 km; (d)‒(f) output simulated wind speed, signal-to-noise ratio, and wind speed error with horizontal resolution of 5 km

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    Comparison of wind speed profiles with horizontal resolution of 1 km and 5 km. (a) Wind speed; (b) wind speed error; (c) relative error

    Fig. 8. Comparison of wind speed profiles with horizontal resolution of 1 km and 5 km. (a) Wind speed; (b) wind speed error; (c) relative error

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    Influence of satellite orbit altitude and laser pulse energy on signal-to-noise ratio and wind speed error. (a),(b) Influence of satellite orbit altitude on signal-to-noise ratio and wind speed error; (c),(d) influence of laser pulse energy on signal-to-noise ratio and wind speed error

    Fig. 9. Influence of satellite orbit altitude and laser pulse energy on signal-to-noise ratio and wind speed error. (a),(b) Influence of satellite orbit altitude on signal-to-noise ratio and wind speed error; (c),(d) influence of laser pulse energy on signal-to-noise ratio and wind speed error

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    Influence of ACCD detector’s channel number on accuracy of wind speed inversion by centroid method. (a),(b) Number of ACCD detector channels is 16; (c),(d) number of ACCD detector channels is 64

    Fig. 10. Influence of ACCD detector’s channel number on accuracy of wind speed inversion by centroid method. (a),(b) Number of ACCD detector channels is 16; (c),(d) number of ACCD detector channels is 64

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    • Table 1. Input parameters for forward model of spaceborne wind lidar

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      Table 1. Input parameters for forward model of spaceborne wind lidar

      UnitParameterReference value
      SatelliteMean altitude H /km320
      Mean orbital speed V /（km·s-1）7.7
      Slant angle ϕ /（°）35
      Laser transmitterWavelength λ /nm355
      Energy per pulse E /mJ80
      Linewidth λFWHM /pm0.021
      Repetition rate λPRF /Hz50.5
      TelescopePrimary mirror diameter D /m1.5
      Transmitting system efficiency Ttra0.42
      Receiving system efficiency Trec0.66
      Receiving field of view（FOV）Δθ /μrad18.1

      Mie

      spectrometer

      		Fizeau peak transmission Tp0.315
      Fizeau FWHM λFWHMFiz /pm0.067
      Rayleigh equivalent bandwidth ΔλRay /pm0.15
      Background equivalent bandwidth ΔλBKG /pm83.75

      ACCD

      detection unit

      		Equivalent bandwidth ΔλACCD /pm0.041
      Quantum efficiency η0.85
      Pupil truncation ξ2/π
      Number of pixel column N16
      Physical constantSpeed of light c /（m·s-1）2.9979×108
      Boltzmann constant KB /（J·K-1）1.38×10-23
      Atmospheric molecular mass Mair /（kg·mol-1）2.9×10-2
      Planck constant h /（J·s）6.62×10-34
      Avogadro constant NAvo /mol-16.022×1023
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    Jiahui Kang, Haiyang Gao, Shujun Liao, Leilei Kou, Piman Ding, Zhen Wang, Lingbing Bu. Simulation of Spaceborne Wind Lidar Based on Fizeau Interferometer[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2023, 50(23): 2310002

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    Paper Information

    Category: remote sensing and sensor

    Received: Aug. 29, 2022

    Accepted: Nov. 14, 2022

    Published Online: Nov. 27, 2023

    The Author Email: Haiyang Gao (gaohy@nuist.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.3788/CJL221186

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology