Fig. 1. Light acting on structures with different sizes^[50]. (a) Light irradiating macro-structural unit; (b) light interacting with microstructure to form “light trapping”; (c) light interacting with nanostructure; (d) light gradually bending through surface with refractive index gradient

Fig. 2. Morphology and reflection spectra of laser-induced nanonails ^[68]. (a) Cross-sectional SEM image of laser induced nano-nail; (b) picture of fused silica sample; reflectance spectra of (c) untreated and (d) laser-processed samples

Fig. 3. SEM images and spectra of different structures^[55]. SEM images of Stru.1 under laser scanning intervals of (a) 30μm, (c) 40μm and (e) 50μm; SEM images of Stru. 2 under laser scanning intervals of (b) 30μm, (d) 40μm, and (f) 50μm; (g) spectra of two structures under different laser scanning intervals

Fig. 4. Flow chart for preparing anti-moth-eye nanoarray structure on Si template using laser interference and PDMS transfer technology^[76]

Fig. 5. Performance tests of AR IMN PDMS (P380)/glass encapsulated organic solar cells^[76]. (a) Current density versus voltage; (b) external quantum efficiency spectra of bare glass substrate and AR IMN PDMS (P380) / glass encapsulated organic solar cells; (c) power conversion efficiency of AR IMN PDMS (P380) / glass encapsulated organic solar cells versus operation time

Fig. 6. Morphology and performance of double-periodic corrugated structure^[96]. (a) Schematic of double-periodic corrugated structure used for broadband light extraction; (b)--(d) surface AFM images of 1D single- and double-periodic corrugated structure ; (e) current density versus brightness (current density versus voltage characteristics shown in inset); (f) current density versus efficiency (double-periodic and planar OLEDs operating at same driving v

Fig. 7. Performance comparison of nitrogen-doped single/double absorption layer photodetectors^[97]. (a)(b) Schematic of two different nitrogen-doped photodetectors; (c)(d) relationship between photocurrent and dark current ; (e)(f) relationship between responsivity and voltage

Fig. 8. Schematic diagram of solar-driven interface evaporation and performance comparison^[106]. (a) Schematic of solar-driven water evaporation device; (b) light-to-heat conversion efficiency and average absorption rate of each sample under one sunlight