Fig. 1. Comparison of single-track section in a single-layer and multi-layers

Fig. 2. Principle of powder feeding in annular laser beam

Fig. 3. Structural representation of closed-loop control of cladding height system

Fig. 4. Variable angle thin wall deposition experiment. (a) 30°; (b) 60°; (c) 90°; (d) 135°

Fig. 5. Comparison of forming effect at the same inclination angle (partially)

Fig. 6. Trend of measurement data by layer height control system. (a) Trend of thin wall layer height; (b) cross section of thin wall

Fig. 7. Variation of measured cladding layer height with process parameters

Fig. 8. Variation of measured cladding layer width with process parameters

Fig. 9. BP neural network topology

Fig. 10. Prediction result of test set. (a) Prediction result of layer width; (b) prediction result of layer height

Fig. 11. Prediction effect of cladding layer height and width models. (a) Layer height prediction variance; (b) layer width prediction variance