In order to address requirements in the realms of environmental science and diverse industries for the detection and identification of aerosol particles, a particle analysis platform is devised. This platform leverages inertial impact sampling in conjunction with digital holographic imaging technology, which enables simultaneous measurement of both particle density and refractive index, thereby fostering a marked improvement in classification accuracy. The operational workflow commences with the sampling and segregation of particles via an inertial impactor, followed by analysis with digital holographic imaging technology, yielding crucial insights into their mass density. Additionally, by fitting diffraction patterns of particles to the Lorenz-Mie theory, refractive index of individual particle is extracted. Empirical validation of our approach underscores its efficacy, particularly in scenarios characterized by closely matched particle density or refractive index. The introduction of an additional, independent fingerprint measurement emerges as a pivotal enhancement, yielding a substantive boost in both particle classification and identification accuracy.