A 0.0012-mm2 0.66-pJ/bit BPSK demodulator incorporating a loop-filter-less PLL achieving the maximum data rate of fcarrier/2

Xinyu Shen; Zhao Zhang; Jie Yang; Jian Liu; Nanjian Wu; Mohamad Sawan; Liyuan Liu

doi:10.1088/1674-4926/24100022

Journal of Semiconductors, Volume. 46, Issue 3, 032201(2025)

A 0.0012-mm² 0.66-pJ/bit BPSK demodulator incorporating a loop-filter-less PLL achieving the maximum data rate of f_carrier/2

Xinyu Shen^1,2, Zhao Zhang^1,2、*, Jie Yang³, Jian Liu^1,2, Nanjian Wu^1,2, Mohamad Sawan³, and Liyuan Liu^1,2

Author Affiliations

¹State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

²Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

³CenBRAIN Neurotech, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China

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Figures & Tables(12)

Fig. 1. (Color online) Simplified block diagram of the WPDT system.

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Fig. 2. (Color online) Block diagram of the proposed BPSK demodulator.

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Fig. 3. (Color online) Schematics of (a) prior XOR-PLL, and (b) proposed LPF-Less PLL.

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Fig. 4. (Color online) Simulated timing of the LPF-Less PLL.

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Fig. 5. (Color online) Simulated timing of the LPF-Less PLL with input phase transition.

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Fig. 6. Schematics of (a) TS, (b) EAC, (c) TD, and (d) CDR.

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Fig. 7. (Color online) Operation process: (a) DR_MAX = 0, (b) DR_MAX = 1.

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Fig. 8. (Color online) Simulation at the data rate of (f_carrier/8) with high-Q coils: (a) DR_MAX = 1, (b) DR_MAX = 0.

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Fig. 9. (Color online) Chip photograph with the core layout of the BPSK demodulator.

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Fig. 10. (Color online) Measurement results at the maximum data rate 6.78 Mb/s.

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Fig. 11. (Color online) Measurement with high-Q coils: (a) setup, (b) results at 1.695 Mb/s.

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Table 1. Performance summary and comparison.

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Table 1. Performance summary and comparison.

Parameters	This work	APCCAS'22^[7]	OJCAS'21^[8]	JSSC'18^[6]	JSSC'15^[9]	SSCL'20^[10]	ISCAS'13^[11]	BioCAS'14^[16]
Type	LPF-Less-PLLBased	PLL-Based	PLL-Based	PLL-Based	PLL-Based	PLL-Less	PLL-Less	PLL-Less
Process (nm)	40	40	180	180	130	180	180	180
High-Q telemetry	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	NO	NO	NO
Data rate (Mb/s)	6.78	0.8475	2.26	0.211	1.3125	13.56	1	10
f_carrier (MHz)	13.56	13.56	13.56	13.56	21	13.56	2	10
(Data rate)/f_carrier	1/2	1/16	1/6	1/64	1/16	1	1/2	1
Power (μW)	4.47	31.654	817.4	217	2000	12.2	82	77.9
Energy efficiency(pJ/bit)	0.66	37.35	362	1028.44	1523.8	0.9	82	7.79
Supply voltage (V)	0.6	0.7	1.8	2.0	1.2	0.9	1.8	1.8
Core area (mm²)	0.0012	0.004	0.15	0.137	NA	0.0038	0.035	0.0035

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Xinyu Shen, Zhao Zhang, Jie Yang, Jian Liu, Nanjian Wu, Mohamad Sawan, Liyuan Liu. A 0.0012-mm² 0.66-pJ/bit BPSK demodulator incorporating a loop-filter-less PLL achieving the maximum data rate of f_carrier/2[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2025, 46(3): 032201

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Paper Information

Category: Research Articles

Received: Oct. 14, 2024

Accepted: --

Published Online: Apr. 27, 2025

The Author Email: Zhao Zhang (ZZhang)

DOI:10.1088/1674-4926/24100022

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology