Fig. 1. Polarization modulation based on metasurface. (a) Polarization conversion^[8]; (b) actively tunable polarizer^[9]; (c) generation of vector polarization light^[10]

Fig. 2. Novel beam generation based on metasurface. (a) Dot array light field^[17]; (b) Bessel beam array^[19]; (c) generalized vortex beam array^[34]

Fig. 3. Light field imaging techniques based on metasurface. (a) Metalens^[38]; (b) phase imaging techniques based on metasurface^[42]; (c) single-pixel imaging information encryption techniques^[46]; (d) three-dimensional imaging based on metasurface^[50]

Fig. 4. Metasurface holography based on polarization modulation. (a) Multichannel vectorial holographic display and encryption^[76]; (b) time sequence holographic display based on full-Stokes polarization multiplexing^[86]; (c) real-space and k-space store different polarization encryption information simultaneously^[87]; (d) polarization modulation of bilayer matasurface^[12]; (e) simultaneous control of phase distribution and polarization of different diffraction orders^[90]

Fig. 5. Cascaded metasurface holography. (a) Cascaded metasurface holography based on secret sharing^[102]; (b) rotational multiplexing cascaded metasurfaces^[103]; (c) moving cascaded metasurface holography^[104]

Fig. 6. Wavelength multiplexed metasurface holography. (a) Metasurface integrating color printing and holography simultaneously^[105]; (b) dual wavelength and polarization multiplexed photon sieve holograms^[107]; (c) correlated triple amplitude and phase holographic encryption^[108]; (d) color holographic display based on multiwavelength code-division multiplexing and polarization multiplexing^[110]

Fig. 7. Multiplexing nonlinear metasurface holography. (a) Spin and wavelength multiplexing using nonlinear metasurface^[112]; (b) bicolor holography using nonlinear metasurface^[115]; (c) four-wave mixing holographic multiplexing based on nonlinear metasurface^[119]; (d) nonlinear third-harmonic signals controlled by dielectic matesurface^[116]