TC4 Titanium Alloy Track Morphology and Pore Formation Mechanism in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process

Shijie Qi; Lin Xiong; Mingyuan Chen; Jikui Zhang

doi:10.3788/CJL221227

Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 50, Issue 12, 1202304(2023)

TC4 Titanium Alloy Track Morphology and Pore Formation Mechanism in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process

Shijie Qi^1,2, Lin Xiong¹, Mingyuan Chen³, and Jikui Zhang^1,2,4、*

Author Affiliations

¹Ningbo Institute of Technology, Beihang University, Ningbo 315800, Zhejiang, China

²National Engineering Laboratory of Additive Manufacture for Large Metallic Components, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China

³School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China

⁴Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China

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Figures & Tables(11)

Fig. 1. Track morphologies under different laser powers

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Fig. 2. Influence of laser power on track depth

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Fig. 3. Influence of laser power on track width

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Fig. 4. TC4 powder bed model with randomly distributed powder position

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Fig. 5. Comparison of morphologies between experimental tracks and simulated molten pools under different laser powers

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Fig. 6. Evolution of melting and solidification of molten pool (P=100 W,x=100 μm)

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Fig. 7. Evolution of melting and solidification of molten pool (P=400 W,x=100 μm)

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Fig. 8. Simulated keyhole stability under different laser powers

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Fig. 9. Process of key-hole collapse and pore defect formation (P=400 W)

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Table 1. Process parameters applied during manufacturing TC4 titanium alloy tracks
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Table 1. Process parameters applied during manufacturing TC4 titanium alloy tracks
Laser beam diameter D_l /μm Laser power P /W Scanning speed v /（mm/s） Powder bed thickness D_p /μm
100 100，150，200，250，300，350，400 1200 40

Table 2. Material thermophysical parameters under different temperatures

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Table 2. Material thermophysical parameters under different temperatures

Temperature /K	Density $ρ$ /（kg/m³）	Surface tension $σ$ / （m·N/m）	Thermal conductivity $γ$ / ［W/（m·K）］	Specific heat c / ［J/（g·K）］
300	4540	1.53	10.6	600
750	4460	1.50	16.1	700
1877	4300	1.45	19.6	1100
1923	4130	1.39	130	1850
3000	3900	1.09	130	1850

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Shijie Qi, Lin Xiong, Mingyuan Chen, Jikui Zhang. TC4 Titanium Alloy Track Morphology and Pore Formation Mechanism in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2023, 50(12): 1202304

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