Fig. 1. Laser cladding test base material

Fig. 2. Numerical simulation model of laser cladding

Fig. 3. Heat flux distribution of Gaussian heat source model

Fig. 4. Trends of composite powder properties with temperature. (a) Temperature-density curve; (b) temperature-thermal conductivity curve; (c) temperature-specific heat capacity curve; (d) temperature-thermal expansion curve; (e) temperature-latent heat curve

Fig. 5. Cloud chart of surface temperature field of cladding layer

Fig. 6. Temperature change trend of the midpoint of three tracks surface under different powers. (a) Temperature trend at midpoint of 2000 W; (b) temperature trend at midpoint of 2300 W; (c) temperature trend at midpoint of 2500 W; (d) temperature trend at midpoint of 2850 W

Fig. 7. Residual stress cloud diagram. (a) Residual stress in the X-axis direction; (b) residual stress in the Y-axis direction; (c) residual stress in the Z-axis direction; (d) equivalent residual stress

Fig. 8. Track surface tracking points

Fig. 9. Variation trend of Z-axis residual stress at the midpoint of three tracks under four powers

Fig. 10. SEM images of cross-section of cladding layer under four powers. (a) 2000 W; (b) 2300 W; (c) 2500 W; (d) 2850 W

Fig. 11. EDS scanning results of cladding layer section

Fig. 12. Microstructure distribution of cladding layer. (a) TiC particle aggregation area; (b) TiC fine particle distribution area; (c) undistributed area of TiC particles; (d) 42CrMo substrate

Fig. 13. Microhardness analysis of four groups of tests