[1] [1] RAIMUNDO K, SOLOMON J J, OLSON A L, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis-interstitial lung disease in the United States: prevalence, incidence, and healthcare costs and mortality[J]. J Rheumatol, 2019, 46(4): 360-369.

[2] [2] LEE J S, LEE E Y, HA Y J, et al. Serum KL-6 levels reflect the severity of interstitial lung disease associated with connective tissue disease[J]. Arthritis Res Ther, 2019, 21(1): 58.

[3] [3] FROESE A R, SHIMBORI C, BELLAYE P S, et al. Stretch-induced activation of transforming growth factor-1 in pulmonary fibrosis[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2016, 194(1): 84-96.

[4] [4] AKHURST R J, HATA A. Targeting the TGF signalling pathway in disease[J]. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2012, 11(10): 790-811.

[5] [5] YAN C C, ZHANG Z C, BAO S Q, et al. Computational methods and applications for identifying disease-associated lncRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets[J]. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids, 2020, 21: 156-171.

[6] [6] ZHOU W, ZHENG J, YUAN M, et al. Differentially expressed lncRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from middle-aged female patients with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease[J]. Clin Rheumatol, 2020, 39(8): 2281-2289.

[7] [7] FERREIRA H B, MELO T, PAIVA A, et al. Insights in the role of lipids, oxidative stress and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis unveiled by new trends in lipidomic investigations[J]. Antioxidants (Basel), 2021, 10(1): 45.

[8] [8] WANG D, ZHANG J, LAU J, et al. Mechanisms of lung disease development in rheumatoid arthritis[J]. Nat Rev Rheumatol, 2019, 15(10): 581-596.

[9] [9] SPAGNOLO P, LEE J S, SVERZELLATI N, et al. The lung in rheumatoid arthritis: focus on interstitial lung disease[J]. Arthritis Rheumatol, 2018, 70(10): 1544-1554.

[10] [10] ALETAHA D, NEOGI T, SILMAN A J, et al. 2010 Rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative[J]. Arthritis Rheum, 2010, 62(9): 2569-2581.

[11] [11] ELLMAN P, BALL R E. Rheumatoid disease with joint and pulmonary manifestations[J]. Br Med J, 1948, 2(4583): 816-820.

[12] [12] BENDSTRUP E, MLLER J, KRONBORG-WHITE S, et al. Interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis remains a challenge for clinicians[J]. J Clin Med, 2019, 8(12): 2038.

[13] [13] SOLOMON J J, FISCHER A. Connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: a focused review[J]. J Intensive Care Med, 2015, 30(7): 392-400.

[14] [14] DE LAURETIS A, VEERARAGHAVAN S, RENZONI E. Review series: aspects of interstitial lung disease:Connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: how does it differ from IPF? How should the clinical approach differ?[J]. Chron Respir Dis, 2011, 8(1): 53-82.

[15] [15] FISCHER A, BROWN K K. Interstitial lung disease in undifferentiated forms of connective tissue disease[J]. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2015, 67(1): 4-11.

[16] [16] CARNINCI P, KASUKAWA T, KATAYAMA S, et al. The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome[J]. Science, 2005, 309(5740): 1559-1563.

[17] [17] HANGAUER M J, VAUGHN I W, MCMANUS M T. Pervasive transcription of the human genome produces thousands of previously unidentified long intergenic noncoding RNAs[J]. PLoS Genet, 2013, 9(6): e1003569.

[18] [18] RINN J L, KERTESZ M, WANG J K, et al. Functional demarcation of active and silent chromatin domains in human HOX loci by noncoding RNAs[J]. Cell, 2007, 129(7): 1311-1323.

[19] [19] KAZEMZADEH M, SAFARALIZADEH R, ORANG A V. LncRNAs: emerging players in gene regulation and disease pathogenesis[J]. J Genet, 2015, 94(4): 771-784.

[20] [20] SALMENA L, POLISENO L, TAY Y, et al. A ceRNA hypothesis: the Rosetta stone of a hidden RNA language?[J]. Cell, 2011, 146(3): 353-358.

[21] [21] SONG J, KIM D, HAN J, et al. PBMC and exosome-derived HOTAIR is a critical regulator and potent marker for rheumatoid arthritis[J]. Clin Exp Med, 2015, 15(1): 121-126.

[22] [22] HUANG C Q, LIANG Y R, ZENG X M, et al. Long noncoding RNA FENDRR exhibits antifibrotic activity in pulmonary fibrosis[J]. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 2020, 62(4): 440-453.

[23] [23] ZHANG J, MOU Y H, LI H, et al. LINC00638 promotes the progression of non-small cell lung cancer by regulating the miR-541-3p/IRS1/PI3K/Akt axis[J]. Heliyon, 2023, 9(6): e16999.

[24] [24] SUN Y, LIU J, XIN L, et al. The low expression of long non-coding RNA Linc00638 contributes to rheumatoid arthritis progression by regulating inflammation and oxidative stress[J]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao, 2021, 41(7): 965-971.

[25] [25] SUN Y Q, LIU J, ZHOU Q, et al. Expression of LINC00638 in rheumatoid arthritis patients with damp-heat obstruction syndrome and the regulatory mechanisms for inflammation and oxidative stress[J]. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban, 2022, 47(2): 183-193.

[26] [26] SUN Y Q, LIU J, WEN J T, et al. Overexpression of long noncoding RNA LINC00638 inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway[J]. Immun Inflamm Dis, 2022, 10(7): e663.

[27] [27] PALIOGIANNIS P, FOIS A G, COLLU C, et al. Oxidative stress-linked biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Biomark Med, 2018, 12(10): 1175-1184.

[28] [28] DJORDJEVIC K, MILOJEVIC SAMANOVIC A, VESELINOVIC M, et al. Oxidative stress mediated therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Antioxidants (Basel), 2023, 12(11): 1938.

[29] [29] KANG K A, PIAO M J, RYU Y S, et al. Interaction of DNA demethylase and histone methyltransferase upregulates Nrf2 in 5-fluorouracil-resistant colon cancer cells[J]. Oncotarget, 2016, 7(26): 40594-40620.

[30] [30] KASAI S Y, SHIMIZU S, TATARA Y, et al. Regulation of Nrf2 by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in physiology and pathology[J]. Biomolecules, 2020, 10(2): 320.

[31] [31] WANG Y, WEI J, DENG H M, et al. The role of Nrf2 in pulmonary fibrosis: molecular mechanisms and treatment approaches[J]. Antioxidants (Basel), 2022, 11(9): 1685.

[32] [32] AUDOUSSET C, MCGOVERN T, MARTIN J G. Role of Nrf2 in disease: novel molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches—pulmonary disease/asthma[J]. Front Physiol, 2021, 12: 727806.

[33] [33] LIU Y, LU F A, KANG L R, et al. Pirfenidone attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by regulating Nrf2/Bach1 equilibrium[J]. BMC Pulm Med, 2017, 17(1): 63.

[35] [35] GILLISSEN A, JAWORSKA M, ORTH M, et al. Nacystelyn, a novel lysine salt of N-acetylcysteine, to augment cellular antioxidant defence in vitro[J]. Respir Med, 1997, 91(3): 159-168.

[36] [36] ZHANG L, HE Y L, LI Q Z, et al. N-acetylcysteine alleviated silica-induced lung fibrosis in rats by down-regulation of ROS and mitochondrial apoptosis signaling[J]. Toxicol Mech Methods, 2014, 24(3): 212-219.