Detection of Heavy Metals in Aqueous Solution via Surface‐Enhanced Laser‑Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Using Microstructures Fabricated by Microchip Laser

Huanming Shan; Zenghui Wang; Runhua Li; Yuqi Chen

doi:10.3788/CJL240918

Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 52, Issue 2, 0211001(2025)

Detection of Heavy Metals in Aqueous Solution via Surface‐Enhanced Laser‑Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Using Microstructures Fabricated by Microchip Laser

Huanming Shan, Zenghui Wang, Runhua Li, and Yuqi Chen^*

Author Affiliations

School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong , China

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Figures & Tables(13)

Fig. 1. Experimental setup

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Fig. 2. Schematic of sample preparation

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Fig. 3. Schematics of periodic microstructure. (a) Periodic microstructure photograph; (b ) SEM of periodic microstructure

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Fig. 4. Spectra with and without periodic microstructure

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Fig. 5. Enhancement factor of spectral signal versus peeling laser energy under different ablation depths of microstructures

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Fig. 6. Cu I signal intensity versus laser energy with and without periodic microstructure

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Fig. 7. Boltzmann plots of Cu with and without periodic microstructure

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Fig. 8. Plasma electron density versus laser energy with and without periodic microstructure

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Fig. 9. Partial spectra with and without periodic microstructure after surface sample preparation

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Fig. 10. Calibration curves of Pb I 405.74 nm and Cr I 425.38 nm in aqueous solution with microstructure substrate. (a) Cr I 425.38 nm;(b) Pb I 405.74 nm

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Table 1. Mass concentrations of Cr and Pb in standard solutions
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Table 1. Mass concentrations of Cr and Pb in standard solutions
Sample No. 1 2 3 4 5
Mass concentration of Cr /（μg/mL） 1.66 4.15 8.30 12.20 16.60
Mass concentration of Pb /（μg/mL） 1.40 3.50 7.00 10.30 14.00

Table 2. Spectroscopic parameters of Cu I for plasma temperature calculation
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Table 2. Spectroscopic parameters of Cu I for plasma temperature calculation
Wavelength /nm A_ki /10⁷ g_k E_k /eV
319.41 0.155 4 5.52
427.51 3.450 8 7.74
458.70 3.200 6 7.80
510.55 0.200 4 3.82
515.32 6.000 4 6.20
521.82 7.500 6 6.20
529.25 1.090 8 7.75

Table 3. Analysis results of chromium and lead elements in aqueous solution by SELIBS with microstructure
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Table 3. Analysis results of chromium and lead elements in aqueous solution by SELIBS with microstructure
Element line Slope of curve R² LOD /（ng/mL）
Cr I 425.38 nm 310.3 0.9857 106.3
Pb I 405.74 nm 671.3 0.9878 49.2

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Huanming Shan, Zenghui Wang, Runhua Li, Yuqi Chen. Detection of Heavy Metals in Aqueous Solution via Surface‐Enhanced Laser‑Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Using Microstructures Fabricated by Microchip Laser[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2025, 52(2): 0211001

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