Fig. 1. Different principles for far-field radiation manipulations of surface wave ^[18]. (a) Grating couplers; (b) Gradient phase metasurfaces

Fig. 2. Far-field directional radiation of surface wave by grating coupler. (a) Directional radiation of the extraordinary optical transmission light by the "Bull's eye" grating^[19]; (b) Far-field focusing of the surface wave via surface grating^[23]; (c) Airy-beam radiation via metal-slit grating^[24]

Fig. 3. Far-field directional radiation of surface wave by metasurface. (a) Directional radiation of microwave spoof surface plasmon mode^[30]; (b) Directional radiation of microwave spoof surface plasmon mode based on a transmissive metasurface^[32]; (c) Directional radiation of near infrared dielectric waveguide mode ^[34]

Fig. 4. Complex far-field wavefront manipulations of surface wave. (a) Holographic grating for Airy beam and vortex beam generation excited by surface plasmon^[41]; (b) Resonant phase metasurface for far-field holography of the dielectric waveguide mode^[42]; (c) Geometric phase metasurface for complex far-field wavefront control of surface plasmon^[18]; (d) Multifunctional far-field holography of lithium niobate waveguide mode by a series of geometric phase metasurfaces^[43]

Fig. 5. Multifunctional far-field manipulation of surface wave. (a) Optical path multiplexing dual-functional far-field radiation by two-dimensional composite grating^[51]; (b) Multifunctional far-field holography based on composite phase modulation^[57]

Fig. 6. Far-field vectorial optical field manipulation of surface wave. (a) Far-field focusing of far-fields with controllable polarization state^[64]; (b) Arbitrary vectorial vortex beam generation^[65]; (c) Far-fields radiation with adjustable polarization^[66]; (d) Full-parameter controllable vectorial optical field radiation^[67]