Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 49, Issue 5, 0507103(2022)
Current Application and Progress of Laser Technology in Ophthalmology
Figures & Tables(6)
![Diagrammatic representation of optical principle of confocal microscopy[6]](/Images/icon/loading.gif){kind=icon}
Fig. 2. Diagrammatic representation of optical principle of confocal microscopy[6]
Fig. 3. Imaging of fundus by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO)[22]. (a) Differences between SLO and traditional fundus imaging; (b) SLO images of the retina at different levels
Fig. 4. Block diagram of optical coherence tomography[29](FFT: fast Fourier transform; OCT: optical coherence tomography)
Fig. 5. Modified Jablonski energy level diagram illustrating the principle of photodynamic therapy (PDT)[76]. PDT requires three elements: a photosensitizers (PS), light, and O2. A represents photon absorption; F represents fluorescence (emission); P represents phosphorescence; S represents singlet; T represents triplet I; C represents internal conversion; ISC represents intersystem crossing; EET represents excitation energy transfer; ET represents electron
Table 1. Laser technique and characteristics in glaucoma treatments[59]
View tableTable 1. Laser technique and characteristics in glaucoma treatments[59]
Laser treatment Principle Wavelength Indication Complication Laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) (Nd∶YAG) Full thickness hole is created in peripheral iris to create a communication between the two chambers of eyes and counteract the pupillary block 1064 nm Primary or secondary angle closure glaucoma 1) Hyphema
2) Inflammation
3) IOP spike
4) Corneal decompensation
5) Cataract
Laser trabeculoplasty (LTP) including argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) and selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) Argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) causes coagulative damage to the trabecular meshwork, which results in collagen shrinkage and subsequent scarring of the TM so as to increase the outflow facility 1) 488，514，532 nm (argon laser)
2) 532 nm (frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd∶YAG laser)
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), ocular hypertension (OHT) 1) Transient mild redness
2) Discomfort
3) Inflammation
4) IOP spike
Laser peripheral iridoplasty Laser burns of low energy to the peripheral iris to widen the AC angle and/or break PAS 1) 810 nm (diode laser)
2) 532 nm (double-frequency Nd∶YAG laser)
Appositional angle closure such as plateau iris syndrome，nanophthalmos，and iris cysts 1) Extensive iris atrophy
2) Pupillary distortion
Laser cyclophotocoagulation (CPC) Destructing ciliary body structures in order to decrease aqueous production 810 nm (diode laser) Management of refractory glaucomas as last resort 1) Pain
2) Inflammation
3) IOP spike
4) Corneal edema and epithelial defect
5) Pupillary distortion
6) Cataract
Endo-cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) As above CPC 810 nm (diode laser) 1) Refractory glaucomas as last resort
2) More commmonly used for post-vitreo-retinal surgery glaucoma
3) NVG
4) Post traumatic glaucoma
5) Post PK glaucoma
1) Fibrin exudates
2) Hyphema
3) Cystoid macular edema
4) Vision loss
Laser suture lysis (LSL) Laser-assisted technique of cutting nylon suture of the sclera flap through the overlying conjunctiva to enhance filtration post-trabeculectomy 532 nm Unsatisfied filtration after trabeculectomy 1) Conjunctival perforation
2) Flat AC
3) Hyphema
4) Iris incarceration
5) Bleb leak
6) Prolonged hypotony
Excimer laser trabeculotomy (ELT) Creation of microperforations in TM and inner wall of Schlemm’s canal to enhance outflow facility 308 nm Open-angle glaucoma 1) Hyphema
2) Transient IOP rise
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Li Li, Yue Zhang, Mengxi Li, Zhen Zhang, Yufei Dang, Yanlong Yang. Current Application and Progress of Laser Technology in Ophthalmology[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2022, 49(5): 0507103
Paper Information
Received: Nov. 30, 2021
Accepted: Jan. 11, 2022
Published Online: Mar. 9, 2022
The Author Email: Yang Yanlong (yyl@optac.cn)
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