Photonics Research, Volume. 7, Issue 9, 1019(2019)
Common-anode LED on a Si substrate for beyond 15 Gbit/s underwater visible light communication Editors' Pick
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Fig. 1. (a) Schematic of GaN-based LED epitaxial structure on the Si substrate, (b) vertical structure of the LED chip on the Si substrate, (c) SEM image of V-shaped pits on the surface of MQWs, and (d) SEM image of texture surface.
Fig. 2. Schematic of (a) bracket structure and (b) chip layout; (c) SEM and (d) optical microscope images of the packaged device; and (e) the light distribution curve of the LED lamp (the unit of the numbers on the circle is degree).
Fig. 3. (a) Relative light output power versus current, (b) relative wall plug efficiency versus current density, and (c) relative luminous efficiency versus current density.
Fig. 4. EL spectra with different injection currents for (a) red chip, (b) green chip, (c) blue chip, (d) yellow chip, and (e) cyan chip.
Fig. 5. CIE diagrams of CCT versus driving currents for (a) red chip, (b) green chip, (c) blue chip, (d) yellow chip, and (e) cyan chip.
Fig. 7. Measured forward transmission gains (a) without pre-equalizer and (b) with pre-equalizer.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 9. (a) CIE diagram showing the chromaticity coordinates of RGBYC LED operated at (i) the optimal transmission working point and (ii) the good illumination point; optical spectra at (b) the optimal transmission working point and (c) the good illumination point; (d) AIR versus bandwidth; insets, the highest data rate points for (iii) red chip, (iv) green chip, (v) blue chip, (vi) yellow chip, and (vii) cyan chip.
Fig. 10. Measured electrical spectra for red chip using 600 MHz bandwidth (a) with and (b) without pre-equalizer, for (c) red chip, (d) green chip, (e) blue chip, (f) yellow chip, and (g) cyan chip with pre-equalizer and respective optimum bandwidth applying 64QAM-DMT modulation; electrical spectra for (h) red chip, (i) green chip, (j) blue chip, (k) yellow chip, and (l) cyan chip with pre-equalizer applying bit-loading-DMT modulation.
Fig. 11. AIR versus bandwidth; insets, the constellation diagrams at point (i).
Fig. 12. Bit allocation for (a) red chip, (b) green chip, (c) blue chip, (d) yellow chip, and (e) cyan chip.
Table 1. Recent Achievements Applying LEDs Based on a Si Substrate
View tableView in ArticleTable 1. Recent Achievements Applying LEDs Based on a Si Substrate
LED Type Modulation Format Data Rate Distance Data Source RGBYC WDM 64QAM-DMT 10.72 Gbit/s 1 m free space OFC 2018 [ 13 ]RGBYC green 64QAM-DMT 1.725 Gbit/s 1.2 m underwater ICEVLC 2018 [ 14 ]RGBYC blue PAM8 1.5 Gbit/s 1.2 m underwater OE 2018 [ 15 ]RGBYC blue PAM7 1.312 Gbit/s 1.2 m underwater IMCO 2018 [ 16 ]RGBYC blue GCS 8QAM 1.62 Gbit/s 1.2 m underwater ACP 2018 [ 17 ]RGBYC blue CAP64, OFDM, and DFT-S OFDM 64QAM 3 Gbit/s 1.2 m free space and underwater COL 2018 [ 18 ]RGBYC green 64QAM-DMT 2.175 Gbit/s 1.2 m underwater OC 2018 [ 19 ]RGBYC green MISO PAM7 918.75 Mbit/s 2.1 m free space and underwater JLT 2018 [ 20 ]RGBYC blue SIMO 16/32QAM-DMT 1.8 Gbit/s 1.2 m underwater AO 2019 [ 21 ]RGBYC blue SGS 32/128QAM 2.534 Gbit/s 1.2 m underwater OC 2019 [ 22 ]
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Yingjun Zhou, Xin Zhu, Fangchen Hu, Jianyang Shi, Fumin Wang, Peng Zou, Junlin Liu, Fengyi Jiang, Nan Chi, "Common-anode LED on a Si substrate for beyond 15 Gbit/s underwater visible light communication," Photonics Res. 7, 1019 (2019)
Paper Information
Category: Fiber Optics and Optical Communications
Received: Feb. 15, 2019
Accepted: Jul. 3, 2019
Published Online: Aug. 12, 2019
The Author Email: Nan Chi (nanchi@fudan.edu.cn)
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