Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 45, Issue 12, 1201011(2025)
Global CO₂ Column Concentration Assimilation Analysis Based on GEOS-Chem and Multi-Source Satellite Data
Figures & Tables(16)
Fig. 2. Spatial coverage maps before and after the fusion of multi-source satellite data. (a) OCO-2; (b) GOSAT; (c) TanSat; (d) fusion data
Fig. 3. Monthly available assimilation data quantity before and after the fusion of multi-source satellite data
Fig. 4. Scatter plots of model data vs TCCON before and after assimilation. (a) Before assimilation; (b) after assimilation
Fig. 6. Global
Fig. 8. Comparison of errors before and after assimilation. (a) Comparison of site biases before and after assimilation; (b) RMSE difference of sites before and after assimilation
Fig. 9. Quarterly average biases before and after assimilation for each site data
Fig. 10. Scatter time series plots of TCCON sites and data before and after assimilation. The left side shows the comparison with data before assimilation, and the right side shows the comparison with data after assimilation. (a) DA site; (b) RF site; (c) EU site
Table 1. Data description of three satellites
View tableTable 1. Data description of three satellites
Satellite information OCO-2 GOSAT TANSAT Affiliated organization NASA JAXA CNSA Scanning method Pushbroom Cross-track Pushbroom Starting time 2014-09-06 2009-04-11 2017-03-01 Ending time Ongoing Ongoing 2018-05-23 Spatial resolution /（km×km） 1.29×2.25 10.5×10.5 2×2 Revisit cycle /d 16 3 16 Retrieval algorithm ACOS ACOS IAPCAS/UoL-FP Product version 10r v9 Version 2.0 Product accuracy /10-6 0.69±0.97 0.69±0.97 -0.08±1.47
Table 2. TCCON site descriptions
View tableTable 2. TCCON site descriptions
Site name Name abbreviation Continent Longitude Latitude Darwin, Australia DA Oceania 130.89°E 12.42°S East Trout Lake, Canada TC North America 104.99°W 54.36°N Edwards, USA EU North America 117.88°W 34.96°N Eureka, Canada EC North America 86.42°W 80.05°N Garmisch, Germany GG Europe 11.06°E 47.48°N Hefei, China HC Asia 117.17°E 31.9°N Izana, Spain IS Europe 16.5°W 28.31°N Karlsruhe, Germany KG Europe 8.44°E 49.1°N Ny-Alesund, Norway NN Europe 11.92°E 78.92°N Oklahoma, USA OU North America 97.49°W 36.6°N Orleans, France OF Europe 2.11°E 47.96°N Paris, France PF Europe 2.36°E 48.85°N Reunion Island, France RF Africa 55.48°E 20.9°S Rikubetsu, Japan RJ Asia 143.77°E 43.46°N Sodankyla, Finland SF Europe 26.63°E 67.37°N Tsukuba, Japan TJ Asia 140.12°E 36.05°N
Table 3. Introduction to GEOS-Chem source inputs
View tableTable 3. Introduction to GEOS-Chem source inputs
Category Dataset Temporal resolution Spatial
resolution
Time range Meteorological data Meteorological field MERRA2 1 h 2°×2.5° 1996-01-01‒2023-12-31 Geographic information Land cover Olson Land Map Static 0.25°×0.25° Leaf area index YUAN_MODIS_LAI 8 d 0.25°×0.25° 2000-01-01‒2020-12-31 Emission source data Fossil fuel combustion ODIAC Monthly 1°×1° January 2000 to December 2019 Ocean exchange OCEAN_EXCH_SCALED Monthly 4°×5° Cyclic Biosphere emissions BBIO_SIB3 3 h 1°×1.25° Cyclic Net terrestrial exchange NET_TERR_EXCH Annual 1°×1° Cyclic CO₂ correction CO2CORR Monthly 2°×2.5° Cyclic Aircraft emission AEIC2019_MONMEAN Monthly 0.5°×0.625° January 1990 to December 2019 Ship emission CEDS_SHIP Monthly 1°×1° January 1750 to December 2019
Table 4. Statistics of CO₂ observation coverage and assimilation points before and after multi-source satellite data fusion
View tableTable 4. Statistics of CO₂ observation coverage and assimilation points before and after multi-source satellite data fusion
Data product Total availablepoints Total coverage /% Max available points /grid OCO-2 136077 80.60 45 GOSAT 96821 37.75 186 TANSAT 31808 30.35 49 Fusion 256238 82.98 219
Table 5. Mean values before and after assimilation
View tableTable 5. Mean values before and after assimilation
Season Mean value /10-6 GEOS-Chem Assimilation Difference MAM 404.386 404.381 -0.006 JJA 402.321 402.348 0.027 SON 402.835 402.827 -0.008 DJF 405.074 405.066 -0.008
Table 6. Accuracy metrics for each station before and after assimilation
View tableTable 6. Accuracy metrics for each station before and after assimilation
Name N R before assimilation R after assimilation B before assimilation B after assimilation RMSE beforeassimilation RMSE afterassimilation DA 692 0.02 0.31 -0.91 -0.67 1.18 0.99 TC 807 0.96 0.96 0.02 -0.06 1.15 1.17 EU 298 0.74 0.54 -0.98 -0.46 1.14 1.04 EC 124 0.95 0.93 1.40 1.15 2.06 1.86 GG 161 0.93 0.92 -0.19 -0.17 0.96 0.95 HC 165 0.87 0.88 -0.12 0.28 1.17 1.15 IS 180 0.91 0.90 -1.26 -0.88 1.43 1.18 KG 306 0.92 0.92 -0.69 -0.61 1.30 1.33 NN 405 0.95 0.95 0.12 0.11 1.56 1.30 OU 958 0.89 0.87 -0.95 -0.68 1.33 1.22 OF 323 0.92 0.90 -0.19 -0.22 0.81 0.86 PF 181 0.89 0.87 -1.26 -1.10 1.65 1.58 RF 639 0.74 0.75 -0.64 -0.48 1.06 0.94 RJ 190 0.96 0.95 -0.46 -0.25 1.12 1.08 SF 487 0.96 0.95 -0.62 -0.56 1.43 1.47 TJ 300 0.95 0.95 -0.08 0.01 0.92 0.87
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Xuezhi Yan, Hua Xu, Ying Zhang, Yisong Xie, Xingyu Yao, Zhengqiang Li. Global CO₂ Column Concentration Assimilation Analysis Based on GEOS-Chem and Multi-Source Satellite Data[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2025, 45(12): 1201011
Paper Information
Category: Atmospheric Optics and Oceanic Optics
Received: Feb. 25, 2025
Accepted: Apr. 9, 2025
Published Online: Jun. 24, 2025
The Author Email: Hua Xu (xuhua@aircas.ac.cn), Ying Zhang (zhangying201481@aircas.ac.cn)
CSTR:32393.14.AOS250644
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