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Opto-Electronic Advances, Volume. 8, Issue 3, 240193-1(2025)

A novel approach towards robust construction of physical colors on lithium niobate crystal

Quanxin Yang1,2、†, Menghan Yu1、†, Zhixiang Chen3、†, Siwen Ai1, Ulrich Kentsch4, Shengqiang Zhou4, Yuechen Jia3,5、*, Feng Chen3, and Hongliang Liu1,6,7、**
Author Affiliations
  • 1Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
  • 2Hangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Hangzhou 311231, China
  • 3School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
  • 4Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Dresden 01328, Germany
  • 5National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
  • 6State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
  • 7Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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    (a) Schematic diagrams of ion implantation and laser-induced nanoparticle assembly. (b) The ion distribution of Au+-ions calculated by SRIM.

    Fig. 1. (a) Schematic diagrams of ion implantation and laser-induced nanoparticle assembly. (b) The ion distribution of Au+-ions calculated by SRIM.

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    The (a) reflection and (b) transmission microscope images of the Au nanoparticles assembly regions with different laser processing energies. (c, d) Corresponding relative microscope spectra. Utilized laser powers for Regions. R, B, G, Y are 17, 29, 53 and 68 mW, respectively.

    Fig. 2. The (a) reflection and (b) transmission microscope images of the Au nanoparticles assembly regions with different laser processing energies. (c, d) Corresponding relative microscope spectra. Utilized laser powers for Regions. R, B, G, Y are 17, 29, 53 and 68 mW, respectively.

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    The reflection microscope images of (a, b) “NKU” and (c) crosshatching patterned Au nanoparticles assembly regions. Utilized laser powers: (a) patterns “N”, “K”, “U” are 17, 53 and 68 mW, respectively; (b) patterns “N”, “K”, “U” are 68, 53 and 17 mW, respectively; (c) horizontal stripes from top to bottom are 6, 12, 15, 19 and 60 mW, respectively; vertical stripes from left to right are 17, 29, 53, 68 and 80 mW.

    Fig. 3. The reflection microscope images of (a, b) “NKU” and (c) crosshatching patterned Au nanoparticles assembly regions. Utilized laser powers: (a) patterns “N”, “K”, “U” are 17, 53 and 68 mW, respectively; (b) patterns “N”, “K”, “U” are 68, 53 and 17 mW, respectively; (c) horizontal stripes from top to bottom are 6, 12, 15, 19 and 60 mW, respectively; vertical stripes from left to right are 17, 29, 53, 68 and 80 mW.

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    (a–c) Surface SEM images and (d, e) corresponding cross-sectional HRTEM images of the Au nanoparticles assembly regions. Utilized laser powers: (a, d) 17 mW; (b, e) 29 mW; (c, f) 53 mW, respectively.

    Fig. 4. (a–c) Surface SEM images and (d, e) corresponding cross-sectional HRTEM images of the Au nanoparticles assembly regions. Utilized laser powers: (a, d) 17 mW; (b, e) 29 mW; (c, f) 53 mW, respectively.

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    (a) Numerical calculations of the relative reflection spectra using the nanoparticle morphology parameters in Table 1. (b) The electric field intensity distribution under LSPR situation (resonance wavelength 573 nm, nanoparticle diameter 3.7 nm, nanoparticle interval 17 nm).

    Fig. 5. (a) Numerical calculations of the relative reflection spectra using the nanoparticle morphology parameters in Table 1. (b) The electric field intensity distribution under LSPR situation (resonance wavelength 573 nm, nanoparticle diameter 3.7 nm, nanoparticle interval 17 nm).

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    Raman spectroscopy analysis. (a) Raman spectra of the bulk material, ion-implanted surface and laser-processed regions. (b) Two-dimensional Raman mapping images of the pattern in Fig. 3(b) with the imaging channels of E(TO7) peak FWHM and intensity. Utilized laser powers for patterns “N”, “K”, “U” are 68, 53 and 17 mW, respectively. (c–f) E(TO5)-A1(LO2) double-peak Raman fitting curves of the bulk material, ion-implanted surface and laser-processed regions. Utilized laser powers for Regions. B and Y are 29 and 68 mW, respectively. (g) E(TO7) peak FWHM and (h) E(TO5)-A1(LO2) double-peak relative intensity differences of the bulk material, ion-implanted surface and laser-processed regions.

    Fig. 6. Raman spectroscopy analysis. (a) Raman spectra of the bulk material, ion-implanted surface and laser-processed regions. (b) Two-dimensional Raman mapping images of the pattern in Fig. 3(b) with the imaging channels of E(TO7) peak FWHM and intensity. Utilized laser powers for patterns “N”, “K”, “U” are 68, 53 and 17 mW, respectively. (c–f) E(TO5)-A1(LO2) double-peak Raman fitting curves of the bulk material, ion-implanted surface and laser-processed regions. Utilized laser powers for Regions. B and Y are 29 and 68 mW, respectively. (g) E(TO7) peak FWHM and (h) E(TO5)-A1(LO2) double-peak relative intensity differences of the bulk material, ion-implanted surface and laser-processed regions.

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    • Table 1. Laser powers, reflection colors, resonance wavelengths and typical nanoparticle morphology parameters of the bulk material, ion-implanted surface and laser-processed regions.

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      Table 1. Laser powers, reflection colors, resonance wavelengths and typical nanoparticle morphology parameters of the bulk material, ion-implanted surface and laser-processed regions.

      RegionLaser power (mW)Color (reflection)Resonance wavelength (reflection)Typical diameter of nanoparticles (nm)Typical interval of nanoparticles (nm)
      Pristine0////
      Implanted0/548.371.725
      Region. R17Red573.253.717
      Region. B29Blue549.442.325
      Region. G53Green572.192.520
      Region. Y68Pale-yellow548.95225
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    Quanxin Yang, Menghan Yu, Zhixiang Chen, Siwen Ai, Ulrich Kentsch, Shengqiang Zhou, Yuechen Jia, Feng Chen, Hongliang Liu. A novel approach towards robust construction of physical colors on lithium niobate crystal[J]. Opto-Electronic Advances, 2025, 8(3): 240193-1

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    Paper Information

    Category: Research Articles

    Received: Aug. 22, 2024

    Accepted: Nov. 19, 2024

    Published Online: May. 28, 2025

    The Author Email: Yuechen Jia (YCJia), Hongliang Liu (HLLiu)

    DOI:10.29026/oea.2025.240193

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology