Fig. 1. Principle of Raman scattering

Fig. 2. Composition diagram of Raman spectrometer

Fig. 3. Principle of ICCD

Fig. 4. Time sequence diagram of Raman spectral signal

Fig. 5. Instrument composition of the RLS^[26]

Fig. 6. Optical structure and photo of the SPU^[26]. (a) Optical structure; (b) object photo

Fig. 7. Optical structure and photo of the iOH^[29]. (a) Optical structure; (b) object photo

Fig. 8. Model of the RAX^[31]

Fig. 9. Schematic of RAX optical system^[30]

Fig. 10. Design model and photo of the AFS^[30]. (a) Design model; (b) object photo

Fig. 11. Detection results of the Martian meteorite SaU008 in a simulated Martian environment^[16]. (a) Visible light image;(b) fluorescence map; (c) Raman spectroscopy

Fig. 12. SHERLOC composition diagram^[16]

Fig. 13. Schematic of SHERLOC optical system^[16]

Fig. 14. Spectral image obtained by SCCD^[16]

Fig. 15. Schematic of SuperCam instrument^[15]

Fig. 16. Optical path of laser emission and signal collection^[35]

Fig. 17. Beam splitter assembly^[35]

Fig. 18. Diagram of splitting different wavelengths into different spectroscopy

Fig. 19. SuperCam transmission spectrometer^[15]. (a) Ray traces in a model of the transmission spectrometer; (b) cutaway rendering of the transmission spectrometer

Fig. 20. Spectral image obtained by ICCD^[15]

Fig. 21. Instrument composition of Raman spectrometer of Chang'e-7