Fig. 1. Schematics of femtosecond laser texturing NCM811 cathode and lithium ion diffusion. (a) Line structure; (b) schematic of lithium ion diffusion in line structure; (c) grid structure; (d) schematic of lithium ion diffusion in grid structure

Fig. 2. Surface and cross-section morphologies of ablated cathodes under different energy densities when scanning speed is 200 mm/s.(a) 1.53 J/cm²; (b) 3.06 J/cm²; (c) 4.59 J/cm²; (d) 7.65 J/cm²

Fig. 3. D2 versus F0

Fig. 4. Surface and cross-section morphologies of ablated cathodes under different scanning speeds when energy density is 1.53 J/cm².(a) 400 mm/s; (b) 300 mm/s; (c) 100 mm/s; (d) 50 mm/s

Fig. 5. Microstructures and XRD results of original and laser ablated cathodes. (a) Original cathode; (b) ablated cathode; (c) XRD result

Fig. 6. Surface and cross-section morphologies of line structures of cathodes. (a) L-50-50; (b) L-100-50; (c) L-150-50; (d) L-250-50; (e) L-100-100; (f) L-100-150

Fig. 7. Influence of line structures on electrochemical performances of NCM811 cathodes. (a) Rate capacities under different D_L; (b) rate capacities under different W_L; (c) areal capacities of cathodes (3 C)

Fig. 8. Horizontal morphologies of grid structures of cathodes. (a) G-50-50; (b) G-100-50; (c) G-150-50; (d) G-250-50

Fig. 9. Influence of grid structures on electrochemical performances of NCM811 cathodes. (a) Gravimetric capacities and (b) areal capacities under different D_G; (c) areal capacities of cathodes (3 C)