Third-order nonlinear optical properties of WTe<sub>2</sub> films synthesized by pulsed laser deposition

Mi He; Yequan Chen; Lipeng Zhu; Huan Wang; Xuefeng Wang; Xinlong Xu; Zhanyu Ren

doi:10.1364/PRJ.7.001493

Photonics Research, Volume. 7, Issue 12, 1493(2019)

Third-order nonlinear optical properties of WTe₂ films synthesized by pulsed laser deposition

Mi He¹, Yequan Chen², Lipeng Zhu³, Huan Wang¹, Xuefeng Wang^2,4、*, Xinlong Xu¹, and Zhanyu Ren^1,5、*

¹Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China

²National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China

³School of Electronic Engineering, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an 710121, China

⁴e-mail: xfwang@nju.edu.cn

⁵e-mail: rzy@nwu.edu.cn

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Fig. 1. Optical path diagram of the Z-scan experiment.

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Fig. 2. Characterization of thin WTe2 film. (a) XPS. (b) Raman spectrum. (c) Atomic force microscopy (AFM) image. The step at the edge shows that the thickness of the film is typically ∼70 nm. (d) Absorption curve along with the reference mica substrate.

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Fig. 3. OA Z-scan results of the WTe2 sample deposited on the mica substrate. (a) OA Z-scan result of the WTe2/mica and the mica substrate. (b) Normalized transmission as a function of the WTe2 sample position under different intensities at the focal point. (c) Saturation absorption fitting. (d) Electronic band structures of WTe2. (e) Simplified electronic band model of WTe2. (f) Slow saturation absorption fitting.

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$CA Z-scan results of the WTe2 sample deposited on mica substrate. (a) CA Z-scan result under 15.603 GW/cm2 incident peak power intensity. (b) Nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear phase shift as a function of excitation peak power intensity.$

Fig. 4. CA Z-scan results of the WTe2 sample deposited on mica substrate. (a) CA Z-scan result under 15.603 GW/cm2 incident peak power intensity. (b) Nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear phase shift as a function of excitation peak power intensity.

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$First-principles calculation of linear refractive index of WTe2. (a) Linear refractive index. (b) Local image of refractive index.$

Fig. 5. First-principles calculation of linear refractive index of WTe2. (a) Linear refractive index. (b) Local image of refractive index.

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Table 1. Comparison of Third-Order Nonlinear Coefficients between ${WTe}_{2}$ and Other Two-Dimensional Materials

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Table 1. Comparison of Third-Order Nonlinear Coefficients between ${WTe}_{2}$ and Other Two-Dimensional Materials

Sample	$β$ (cm/GW)	$n_{2} ({cm}^{2} / GW)$	$Re χ^{(3)}$ (esu)	$Im χ^{(3)}$ (esu)	$FOM (esu \cdot cm)$	Refs.
${WTe}_{2}$	$- 3.37 \times 10^{3}$	$- 1.629 \times 10^{- 2}$	$- 5.93 \times 10^{- 9}$	$- 1.01 \times 10^{- 8}$	$1.143 \times 10^{- 13}$	This work
${MoS}_{2}$	−3.8	$1.88 \times 10^{- 3}$	$8.71 \times 10^{- 10}$	$- 1.5 \times 10^{- 11}$	—	[56]
${WS}_{2}$	−5.1	$5.83 \times 10^{- 2}$	$2.31 \times 10^{- 8}$	$- 1.75 \times 10^{- 11}$	—	[56]
${MoTe}_{2}$	$- 7.50 \times 10^{- 3}$	$- 0.160 \times 10^{- 3}$	$- 0.92 \times 10^{- 11}$	$- 5.50 \times 10^{- 15}$	$6.38 \times 10^{- 15}$	[58]
Graphene	$- 9.4 \times 10^{- 2}$	$- 13.7 \times 10^{- 3}$	$- 78.2 \times 10^{- 11}$	$- 6.9 \times 10^{- 14}$	$4.03 \times 10^{- 15}$	[58]

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Mi He, Yequan Chen, Lipeng Zhu, Huan Wang, Xuefeng Wang, Xinlong Xu, Zhanyu Ren, "Third-order nonlinear optical properties of WTe₂ films synthesized by pulsed laser deposition," Photonics Res. 7, 1493 (2019)

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Paper Information

Category: Optical and Photonic Materials

Received: Jun. 4, 2019

Accepted: Sep. 6, 2019

Published Online: Nov. 22, 2019

The Author Email: Xuefeng Wang (xfwang@nju.edu.cn), Zhanyu Ren (rzy@nwu.edu.cn)

DOI:10.1364/PRJ.7.001493

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Comparison of Third-Order Nonlinear Coefficients between WTe2 and Other Two-Dimensional Materials

Table 1. Comparison of Third-Order Nonlinear Coefficients between WTe2 and Other Two-Dimensional Materials

Table 1. Comparison of Third-Order Nonlinear Coefficients between ${WTe}_{2}$ and Other Two-Dimensional Materials

Table 1. Comparison of Third-Order Nonlinear Coefficients between ${WTe}_{2}$ and Other Two-Dimensional Materials