Polarization, as one of the basic characteristics of light, is widely utilized in communication, imaging, optical encryption, and other fields. However, traditional polarization devices face numerous problems such as large size and low integration. Due to their unique light field manipulation mechanisms, subwavelength-scale metasurfaces offer innovative solutions for miniaturization and cost reduction of polarization devices. This paper reviews recent advances in metasurface-based polarization devices and fabrication techniques. Starting from the phase manipulation mechanisms of metasurfaces, the article briefly introduces methods for controlling the transmission phase, geometric phase, generalized geometric phase, and resonance phase. The focus is summarizing various metasurface polarization devices and their fabrication, including polarization conversion, polarization beam splitting, vector vortex beam generators, high-order Poincaré sphere optical encryption, polarization multi-channel holography, and polarization detection. Finally, we discuss potential development trends and application prospects in this field.