980 nm and 830 nm semiconductor lasers were used as the pump source to excite Bismuth/Erbium co-doped optical fiber respectively, and the amplified spontaneous emission spectrum properties of forward and backward pump methods were analyzed. Experimental results show that the fluorescence intensity is significantly enhanced with increasing of the pumping power. By using 980 nm semiconductor laser, there are two obvious emission bands with the central wavelengths at 1 142 nm and 1 536 nm with the forward pump. The 3 dB bandwidth with the center of 1 142 nm is 141 nm and, the 3 dB bandwidth with the center of 1 536 nm is 29 nm. Using 830 nm semiconductor laser, the forward pump mode can excite the fluorescence spectrum with 1 421 nm as the center, and the 3 dB bandwidth is 447 nm. When 980 nm and 830 nm semiconductor lasers pumped Bismuth/Erbium co-doped optical fiber forward respectively, luminescence intensity firstly increased and then decreased. When 980 nm and 830 nm semiconductor lasers pumped Bismuth/Erbium co-doped optical fiber backward respectively, luminescence intensity firstly increased and then remained stable. In the temperature range of 25~80℃, the fluorescence intensity of Bismuth/Erbium co-doped optical fiber is almost unaffected by the temperature. Using 980 nm and 830 nm semiconductor lasers to excited Bismuth/Erbium co-doped optical fiber at the same time, it is proved that the Bismuth activity centers are independent, and there is some overlap in the luminescence range.

A highly birefringent photonic crystal fiber was proposed based on lattice structure of elliptic layer. Properties such as birefringence, confinement loss, and mode area of the proposed photonic crystal fiber were simulated by the multipole method. Result shows that the birefringence of the propose photonic crystal fiber can be up to 2.26×10－3 at the wavelength at 1 550 nm,and the confinement loss is 2.8×10－3 dB/km. At the same time, the y polarization is double times of the x polarization, which can be used in manufacturing polarized polarization maintaining fiber. And the confinement loss keeps stable at the wavelength range of 1 300~1 500 nm.

Simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature based on an optical fiber cavity sensor was demonstrated, which is a reflective and multi-beam interference based sensor. The sensor head is made up of a normal single mode fiber, a graded-index multimode fiber and an air gap. The air gap just locates between the single mode fiber and the graded-index multimode fiber. The lengths of the graded-index multimode fiber and the air gap are 538.1 μm and 40.8 μm, respectively. The fringe contrast and the wavelength of the interference, due to multiple beam interferences in the sensor head, vary with the RI and temperature of the solution, respectively. Hence, the simultaneous measurements of refractive index and temperature, by monitoring the movement of the fringe contrast and the wavelength of the interference, were achieved. Experimental results show that the proposed optical fiber cavity sensor presents a RI sensitivity of 57.24 dB/RIU in the measurement 1.341 5~1.432 0RIU and a temperature sensitivity of 12.3 pm/℃ in the range of 30 ℃~70 ℃. The minimum temperature that can be detected is 1.2℃，the minimum resolution of RI that can be detected is 3.4×10－4. This optical fiber cavity sensor can also be applied in other sensing fields and has good prospects.

The spectral characteristics of the single layer optical fiber Bragg grating was analyzed in detail based on single mode effective refractive index of micro-nano optical fiber dispersion equation and the resonance equation of the optical fiber Bragg grating. The single layer optical fiber Bragg grating obtained by FH acid etching.with the decrease of the fiber core radius, the resonance wavelength shift to the lift, and the resonant wavelength numbers are reduced from 5 to 1, until finally disappeared; With the decrease of the refractive index grating external environment at the same time, the cut-off radius reduced, and when the grating external environment refractive index dropped to 1, the cut-off radius reduced to 0.55 μm.

The theory and method for generating partially coherent beam based on liquid-crystal spatial light modulator were given. The method was optimized by using partition convolution, the generation of partially coherent beam was parallel sequential optimizied and the generation speed was tested. The coherence width accuracy of partially coherent beam based on double hole interference was detected. Experimental results show that, to a spatial light modulator with a resolution of 256×256, the total time of generating the random phase maps with coherence widths of 0.15mm, 0.9mm and 1.5mm by graphic processing unit are 0.9 ms, 1.75 ms and 2.4 ms, respectively, which are 16.5 ms, 37.8 ms and 52.4 ms by using central processing unit. Considering the reading, sending and response time of the liquid-crystal spatial light modulator by central processing unit, the real-time partially coherent beam generation frequency is up to 312 Hz, which is accelerated by graphic processing unit. For generating a partially coherent laser beam with coherence widths are 0.15 mm and 1.5 mm respectively, the the root-mean-square error are 0.021 306 and 0.020 883, the peak-to-valley are 0.073 576 and 0.072 998.

Phase-shift method based on domain analysis is not suitable for measuring step-changed object and always causes the accumulation of phase errors .Symmetric and asymmetric dual stair phase structure light coding methods for absolute phase retrieval were presented. The coding patterns of two methods are different. The width of the black and white fringes in symmetric coding patterns are equal,but not in asymmetric coding patterns. By the projection of binary coding structure light patterns, stair phase can be obtained with phase shift formula. During measurement ,on the basis of traditional sinusoidal fringe projection and phase shift method, high-precisionwrapped phaseis obtained. The stair phase can be used to determine corresponding ordersof wrapped phase.According to the order, the absolute phasecan be got. Gauge blocks are measured and root mean square error of two methods are 0.072mm.Both methods can effectively restore three-dimensional reconstruction for highly step-changed object.

Based on the relationship between infinite points and camera intrinsic parameters, a calibration method for camera intrinsic parameters and image distortion was proposed, which can realize a decoupled calibration among intrinsic parameters, image distortion and extrinsic parameters. First, solving camera intrinsic parameters from the projective equations of image of absolute quartic. Second, taking a reprojected point as an ideal image point and solving image distortion coefficient. Third, taking homography among sequence images as parameters to be optimized and taking reprojection error as cost function, then the final outputting results include camera intrinsic parameters and image distortion coefficients. Under the identical configurations, the calibration precisions of the proposed method and Zhang′s method were simulated respectively and compared together. By using the 27 views of planar objects with different pose, the calibration experiment for the camera intrinsic parameters was conducted by the proposed method and Zhang′s method respectively. The results show that, the calibration precision of the proposed method is improved at least 1% to compare with Zhang′s method. In the calibration experiment, the reprojection error of Zhang′s method and proposed method is 0.064pixel and 0.008pixel respectively.

A precision measuring system for tube support plate of steam generator was built, and a parameter measurement method based on edge restriction condition was proposed. Firstly, two-dimensional discrete points were obtained by image processing technology, and the profile was pretreated by calculating the minimum enclosing rectangle of the points. Then, the profile was divided into a series of “extended neighborhood profiles”, and an edge restriction algorithm based on curvature angle was built for precision demarcation. Finally, the profile parameters of part were measured precisely. The experiment results and error analysis show that the measurement precision can reach 0.02mm, which has reference value for the precision measurement of components with complex profile.

A contrast test measurement system of minimum resolvable was built. For the low illumination MTV-1881-EX CCD and the super low illumination NOCTURN XL CMOS imaging system, the minimum resolvable contrast was measured and discussed; the range of those low illumination modules were predicted and discussed under the conditions of the same focal length, the same instantaneous field of view and the same view of imaging system. The results show: 1) The super low illumination CMOS has a better low illumination imaging quality; 2) The range model can predict the range of imaging system more effective, because the range model based on Minimum Resolvable Contrast considers the system signal-to-noise ratio, the Modulation Transfer function and the contrast of scene; 3) under the condition of the same imaging field or instantaneous field of view, the super low illumination CMOS imaging system has a better range. The method of this paper is expected to play an important role in the development of the application , that is the range model of optical imaging system based on minimum resolvable contrast.

A random fiber laser with stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and erbium-doped fiber (EDF) as hybrid gains was proposed and experimently investigated. Two spools of 20 km long single-mode fibers were used to form a full-open cavity and provide random optical feedback by Rayleigh scattering. For fixed Brillouin pump wavelength and pump power of 1550.00 nm and 2.19 mW, the proposed laser can achieve random lasing of two wavelengths with frequency downshift of about 0.088 nm and 0.174 nm relative to the Brillouin pump wavelength when EDF pump power increases. EDF pump powers corresponding to the 1st and 2nd SBS are 190 mW and 370 mW, respectively. Maximal output powers of two ends are 1.60 mW and 1.68 mW when EDF pump power is 433 mW. When EDF pump power is obviously higher than the threshold power, the output lasing has 3 dB linewidth of about 0.022 nm and keeps stable. The peak intensity and wavelength have no observable fluctuations over time.

The expansion and contraction of cavitation bubble in liquids with different ambient pressure were investigated experimentally, which are compared with the analyses based on Rayleigh-Plesset equation. In the experimental study, cavitation bubble was induced by the high-power laser and matter interaction in liquid, laser-induced cavitation bubble callapse in liquids with different ambient pressure were detected by high-speed video and high-frequency hydrophone. The results show that the ambient pressure has obvious influence on the bubble oscillation. Increasing the ambient pressure speeds up bubble collapse process, decreases the oscillating cycle and maximum bubble radii ,and shortens the time of expansion and contraction of cavitation bubble.

In order to measure the laser induced damage threshold to film quickly, accurately, and quantitatively, the measurement system of flattop laser induced damage threshold to film was designed. The principle and method of damage threshold measurement were introduced, and the energy density search method based on the combination of binary search and sequence search was proposed. According to the light splitting ratio of spectroscope and indicating value of energy deteclor, the irradiation laser energy was solved, using the CCD imaging method, the laser facula area which irradiated on the film surface was measured precisely. Based on wavelet transformation, the film damage was identified accurately by image processing. The coordinates of energy density and damage probability was established, and fitted by least square method, the laser induced damage threshold was calibrated. Experiments were carried out on 45° reflection films which were irradiated by Gauss beam and flattop beam, the measurement results show that the damage threshold of Gauss beam irradiation was 9.95J/cm2 and the flattop beam irradiation was 13.98 J/cm2，the damage threshold irradiation by flattop beam was 40.5% higher than that by Gauss beam.

The collision relaxation of reaction products ground state to the excited state HF molecules is the key reason to reduce the non-chain pulsed HF laser energy. To solve this problem, the possibility of 3A type molecular sieve to eliminate the ground state HF molecules was analysised, and the experimental research was started as well. The result shows that, in the condition of non-utilization of any laser medium purity technology, the laser energy decreased by 52% after 103 laser shots is obtained at a pulse repetition rate of 50 Hz. So it can not satisfy the demand of high power, high repetitive frequency HF/DF laser in the future. After adding the 3A type molecular sieve adsorptive unit in the circulating pipe, the laser energy reduction is less than 15% after 103 laser shots is obtained for more than ten times, and the initial laser energy decreased by only 7.2%, this improves the stability of laser energy, and the useful time of laser medium. The 3A type molecular sieve is not only good at adsorb the ground state HF molecules, but also has the ability of regeneration and activation, it is expected to replace the ordinary chemical adsorption method.

Aiming at design difficulty of small volume and light weight for small caliber ammunition with pulsed laser circumferential detection system, on the basis of comprehensive analysis of pulsed laser circumferential detection system, solution for the miniaturization of the laser circumferential detection system was proposed. It was realized by adopting the laser emission system disintegration separation technology and optical system flattening technique. The laser and laser drive power of traditional, larger size and integrated structure laser emission system were separated, which achieved the purpose of axial dimension compression. Anti-overload processing was realized by use of sealing technology. Flat convex spherical lens waa chosen instead of spherical lens.According to the derivation of theoretical formula and simulation of optical system, flat laser alignment system was designed, which can effectively compress the axial dimension. Aiming to space electromagnetic interference problems in miniaturization, special structure shield was used based on magnetic field shielding mechanism, which effectively suppress electromagnetic interference. The initial prototype was made and experiment of target detection was done. The results show that the prototype can measure short-range target efficiently and effective size of pulsed detection system was significantly deccreased, which can verify the feasibility and practicablilty of miniaturization technology.

Based on the Stokes, the changes of the polarized light transmission characteristics were studied after the lasers of different incident polarizations transmit through the different concentrations of oil mist by measuring the degree of polarization respectively. Experiments were used the horizontal, 45°,90°,－45°linear polarized lights with the wavelength of 671 nm and 532 nm to make them incident on the five kinds of different concentrations of oil mist media respectively, and computed the degree of polarization of four polarized polarization state .The results show that, at the same mist concentration and the lasers with different wavelengths, the longer wavelength, the higher the degree of polarization. But the trend of each wavelength polarization curve with the concentration is the same. Under the condition of the same wavelength and with the changing of the mist concentration, the variation of the polarization degree of the horizontal and vertical linear polarized lights is bigger which is up to 50%, the variation of the polarization degree of the 135°and 45°linear polarized lights is lesser which is about 20%.

In order to solve the problem of the thermal effect of the laser gain media, a configuration named “immersed thin-disk oscillator”solid laser cooled directly with flow was proposed. Under the repeated pumping frequency of 10Hz，a maximum output energy of 615mJ was realized. The optical-optical efficiency and the slope efficiency is 23% and 21% respectively. Based on the principle of fluid mechanics and thermodynamics，the thermal-flow-solid coupling model of lasing region was established. By using the software and the method of finite element analysis, the distribution characteristics of temperature field and velocity field were studied under the conditions of different flow rate and pump power. The wavefront aberration of the laser passing the gain region was simulated under the condition of liquid-cooled. The maximum optical path difference of the gain medium and coolant liquid are 0.7666λ and －4.7331λ respectively. The results show that the laser has a good thermal management performance.

A dual-wavelength tunable spacing all fiber thulium-doped laser is reported and demonstrated.The conventional ring cavity is used in this fiber laser, 1 565 nm pump source can achieve maximum output power 33 dBm, and a segment of 4m long single mode thulium-doped fiber is gain medium.The filter is a composite structure based on multimode interference effect and Sagnac ring. Through the composite filter, it can radiate tunable spacing and high side mode suppression ratiodual- wavelength laser output. The experimental results suggest that not only dual-wavelength tunable spacing from 3 nm to 80 nm, but also SMSR is 60 dB under the controlling of pump power and polarization controller in composite filter，line-width is 0.2 nm ，power fluctuation is ±1.5 dB/h，bimodal energy difference is less than 4 dBm.

Using 940 nm diode laser as pumping source, a passively Q-switched Yb:YAG thin disk laser by Cr4+:YAG was realized. The Yb:YAG disk with 500 μm thickness was employed，the Yb3+ atom fraction is 10%.The distribution of temperature in Yb:YAG disk with direct water cooling and SiC cooling with different thickness was theoretically simulated, respectively. The maximum output power of 2.8 W at 1 030 nm was obtained with 800 μm SiC cooling, the output power has increased by 40% than that obtained with direct water cooling. The initial transmission of Cr4+:YAG crystal and the output coupling rate were optimized by Degnan′s theory. With the initial transmission of Cr4+:YAG crystal of 93% and the output coupling rate of 10%, a stable pulse train of 1.95 W averaged output power with a pulse energy of 1.2 mJ and pulse width of 74 ns were obtained with 800 μm SiC cooling. The repetition rate is 1.6 kHz, the slope efficiency is 18.1%, and the beam quality M2x=1.622, M2y=1.616.

A method based on the iterative inversion estimation of transport mean free path and the minimum source-detector distance determination was proposed. The method utilizes the idea of iterative estimation and adaptively changes the minimum source-detector distance to improve the inversion accuracy of optical property parameters. The study of 29 sets simulation data indicates that the iterative inversion is not sensitive to the initial value of the transport mean free path, and has a higher robustness. In a certain extent, the inversion accuracy of the two parameters can be improved. Under the condition of no noise, the average relative error of the absorption coefficient is 7.17%, and the average relative error of the reduced scattering coefficient is 5.73%. Compared with the best result of traditional empirical method for a given minimum source-detector distance, average relative error decreases 1.73% for the absorption coefficient and 1.14% for the reduced scattering coefficient. In the case of 40~80 dB for signal-to-noise ratio, the method can still obtain higher inversion accuracy of optical property parameters. The error ranges of the absorption coefficient and the reduced scattering coefficient are 8.46%~10.05% and 6.79%~8.76%, respectively.

As a single photon state, the correlated photon is often applied to quantum communication and optics metrology domain. The study of the spectral radiation and intensity distribution of the photon has a great significance for the broad-band radiometric calibration. The space distribution of the correlated photon spectra circle generated by type-I Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion(SPDC) was simulated theoretically. Based on the simulation, the corresponding experimental measurement system was established. In this system, 355 nm laser is set to pump the BBO crystal, the type-I correlated photon spectra circle is detected by a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) camera. The dot-matrix scanning method is used to record the circle. The spectral distribution of the measurements is 430 nm~860 nm. The results show that the spectra circle diameters of experimental results are highly consistent with the theoretical ones, the spectra circle distribution of type-I SPDC is homocentric and the spectra of the correlated photon has a broad band.

In order to explore the properties of photoniccrystals, the finite element method was introduced to calculate the band structure of lossy and dispersive photonic crystals with triangular lattice. By using this method, the calculation of band structure is reduced to a quadratic eigenvalue problem which the eigenvalue is the Bloch wave vector, the band structure and eigenmode can be obtained more effectively. The band structure in the TE and TM mode of photonic crystals with dielectric material in triangular lattice was compared with the reference to demonstrate the accuracy of the method. Furthermore, the dispersion relation of the lossy and lossless photonic crystals was also given by the proposed method. The symmetry and surface plasmon polarizations properties are found in lossless photonic crystals and electric field distributions are concentrated on the interface of dispersive materials and air. It is demonstrated in the lossy photonic crystals that the symmetry is destroyed, the surface plasmon polarizations properties are weakened and electric field density is decreased. The results can be used as theoretical basis and reference for studying the lossy photonic crystals and surface plasmon polarizations.

Based on the aberration theory of plane symmetric optical systems, the expressions of each type of wave aberration of fisheye lens were formulated. The autocorrelation integral was used to calculate the modulation transfer function of the fisheye lens. The 8-node Gauss-Legendre integral was applied to solve the complicated integral. On the other hand, the phase change value of a grating of certain spatial frequency resulted from the lateral color aberration was analyzed, the expression of the modulation transfer function of the lateral color aberration with discrete spectral of C(656.3 nm), D(589.3 nm), F(486.1 nm) light was derived. Finally, the proposed method was used to calculate the modulation transfer function curves of two fisheye lens systems; and the results were compared with those obtained by Zemax program. The study results show that the proposed method is valid for calculation of a fisheye lens with a moderate/small pupil.

Integral imaging 3D display has a small field of view range, and the stray light between the microlens will cause degradation of reconstructed images. In view of these problems, this paper presents a pinhole/ microlens array structure with curved surface, which fits flexible display and curved surface display well. The parametric analysis of curved surface pinholes / microlens array according to the integrated imaging principle conducted, and the recording and reconstruction process of integrated imaging 3D display based on curved surface pinholes / microlens array was simulateed with TracePro. The results show that, in the recording and reconstruction process, the quality of reconstructed image can be improved by the curved surface pinholes / microlens array structure. Concretely, a larger visual angle of three-dimensional objects is obtained in recording process and the field angle of reconstructed image is larger relatively. The quality of reconstructed images are accessed by rotating the receiving screen, and it is found that the best images can be obtained when the curved degree of the curved surface pinholes / microlens array is 30°.

Considering a coupled cavity system composed of two sub-systems, which are constituted by the cavity modes and qubits. Combing the quantum theory and numerical calculation, the amount was described to transfer message and the uncertainty of the information source by using entropy. The entropy evolution of the two nodes with respect to different coupling strengths between the two-level particle and cavity mode, transition coupling of cavity-cavity and detuning were studied. For the resonance state, it is found that the two qubits exhibit quasi-periodic collapse and revival, the peak of entropy of qubits 1 and 2 appear alternately. For the non-resonance state, the frequency of qubits is higher inside the node, low frequency of anther by discord. With frequency hopping λ/2π between the two nodes, the photon is in mishan bus as information transmission. No matter which qubit was adjusted, the information of quantum state evolution always transfers from the qubit with high frequency to the qubit with low frequency. The results can be extended to the transmission of quantum information among multiple qubits.

Two different measures of entanglement, concurrence and negativity, were used to study the evolution of the two Jaynes-Cummings atoms and the transfer of the entanglement between the subsystems. The effect of the initial entanglement degree of two atoms on the time evolution of entanglement was analyzed. It is found that the amplitude of the entanglement depends on the initial entanglement degree while the length of time interval for the zero entanglement does not. The maximally entangled state between the two cavities was created. Moreover, the numerical analysis shows that the initial entanglement of the two atoms flows into the other subsystems and leads to entanglement sudden death and entanglement sudden birth in the evolution.

The fidelity in a system composed of a moving two-level atom interacting with an intermediate number-phase state was studied by means of the fully quantum theory. The influences of the atomic initial state, the largest number of photon, the parameter of light field, atomic motion, the parameter of field mode and the values of the transitional photon number on the fidelity of the system were analyzed. The result shows that the values of the average fidelity of system and light field decrease via increasing the largest number of photon or reducing the parameter of field. The larger atomic motion or field-mode structure parameter becomes, the greater values of the fidelity of system and light field are, and their oscillating frequencies are faster. As the transitional photon number is at different value, the evolutions for the fidelity of system and light field show periodic or random oscillation behavior. When atom is initially in a superposition state, the fidelity of system and field reaches its maximum, and the oscillating forms of the fidelity of system and field keep at a same manner.

In this paper, a semi-supervised learning method called semi-supervised sparse multi-manifold embedding (S3MME) was proposed for the classification of hyperspectral image. S3 MME exploits both labeled and unlabeled samples to adaptively find neighbors of each sample from the same manifold by using an optimization program based on sparse representation, which constructs an appropriate graph to characterize the manifold structure. Then it tries to extract discriminative features on each manifold in low dimensional space such that the data points in the same manifold become closer. The overall classification accuracies of the proposed method can reach 84.91% and 89.74% on PaviaU and Salinas hyperspectral data sets respectively, which significantly improves the classification of land cover compared with the conventional methods.

In order to satisfy the needs of testing the performance of the low-light level night vision device indoor, the spectrums of sunny sky full moon and clear night sky stars were simulated. First of all, the spectral range of low-light level night vision device was studied to make sure the spectral bands. Then the night sky radiation was analyzed for the spectrum bands, the appropriate light source was selected.The filter transmittance curves was got by calculating target spectral and source spectrum, andthe filter complied with the condition approximately was found out. Spectral structure based on genetic algorithm was proposed to calculate the best match model of the 47 existing kinds of filter to fit the spectrum. The experimental results show that the spectral structure technique based on genetic algorithm for night sky spectral fitting is higher compatibility.

To solve the problem that the overall and local characteristics of the curves of spectrum are difficultly described by the Gaussian radial basis function and the spectral similarity measurement kernel simultaneously in a hyperspectral imagery detection, a novel kernel anomaly detection method in hyperspectral imagery based on the spectral discrimination method was proposed. A kernel anomaly detection in hyperspectral was conducted by real hyperspectral images collected by airborne visible infra-red imaging spectrometer. The binary graph and receiver operating characteristic curve of the anomaly detection were attained. The results show that, for a lower false alarm rate in a hyperspectral imagery detection, compared with the Gaussian radial basis function and the spectral similarity measurement kernel, the proposed kernel can detect the abnormal targets with a higher accuracy and clarity.