Aiming at design difficulty of small volume and light weight for small caliber ammunition with pulsed laser circumferential detection system, on the basis of comprehensive analysis of pulsed laser circumferential detection system, solution for the miniaturization of the laser circumferential detection system was proposed. It was realized by adopting the laser emission system disintegration separation technology and optical system flattening technique. The laser and laser drive power of traditional, larger size and integrated structure laser emission system were separated, which achieved the purpose of axial dimension compression. Anti-overload processing was realized by use of sealing technology. Flat convex spherical lens waa chosen instead of spherical lens.According to the derivation of theoretical formula and simulation of optical system, flat laser alignment system was designed, which can effectively compress the axial dimension. Aiming to space electromagnetic interference problems in miniaturization, special structure shield was used based on magnetic field shielding mechanism, which effectively suppress electromagnetic interference. The initial prototype was made and experiment of target detection was done. The results show that the prototype can measure short-range target efficiently and effective size of pulsed detection system was significantly deccreased, which can verify the feasibility and practicablilty of miniaturization technology.