A kind of optical fiber F-P sensor was studied for the control of the cavity length consistency. The cavity length was controlled by three-dimension frames. On the basis of the F-P cavity principle, the F-P cavity was under real-time detection by spectrum analyzer and then was adjusted. The F-P cavity was composed of hollow glass tube and optical fiber with the method of thermal fusion. The key parts of the processed F-P cavity were examined using optical microscope, and the fusion points were examined on their robustness. The results show that the F-P cavity length is better controlled and the consistency is good. The fusion areas are little out of shape and it has few influences on the F-P cavity′s performance.

In atrocious working conditions, corrosion is one of the major failure modes for underground pipelines. A method for monitoring pipeline corrosion applied fiber Bragg grating(FBG) sensor is proposed. Internal high pressure of pipes caused by carrying oil, gas and other matters will expand the pipe and then result in hoop strain on pipe outer wall. Assuming the pipeline has an indefinitely length, the axial strain pipe outer wall caused by internal pipe pressure is negligible. The pipe wall will be thinning at corrosion, while the pressure inside the pipe remains about the same, and this will increase hoop strain of the outer wall. Pipe wall and the strain are to some extent in inverse proportion when internal pressure keeps constant. This method attached packaged fiber grating strain sensors to the surface of pipe, the corrosion extent of pipe can be judged by monitor hoop strain. Through detailed contrastive analysis of theoretical value, analogue value and test value to explain the method is practical and worth being extensively applied and spread, and then provide strategy of disaster prevention and reduction for underground pipeline.

Based on the polarization of skylight, the polarized light celestial positioning will have great application value when it has little position error. According to skylight polarization detection modle and single body celestial positioning modle, the polarized light celestial positioning error modle was built. Based on this model, the sensitivity of skylight polarization angle and sun direction was given, and the precision of polarized light celestial positioning was calculated. Analyzing results show that: 1)polarized light celestial positioning result will be better if the polarized direction detected on ship changes faster，so the detecting sensor can be set in the right direction according to the course, sun′s height and orientation; 2)the precision of polarized light celestial positioning system can reach NM level when the detecting precision of polarization angle achieves angle cent level.

In order to meet the urgent requirements of space remote sensing, a spaceborne low-distortion and super-wide-angle aerosol imager system is designed. The system is a multi-spectral imager with the working wavelength band from 0.860 μm to 0.965 μm, and its full field of view is 94° and the relative aperture is 1∶4. By using a retrofocus structure, its back working is 42 mm in the optical system. Based on the aberration characteristics of retrofocus structure, methods for correcting distortion and improving the illuminance distribution are proposed. Its distortion is corrected by choosing suitable quadric surface, and the illuminance distribution on image plane is improved by using effective aberration vignetting resulted from stop aberration. Ray tracing, optimization and analysis are performed by CODE V and ZEMAX software. The analysis results demonstrate that the maximum distortion is less than －1.6%, and the illuminance at edge field of view is higher than that of 46.9% of central field of view and the MTF is higher than 0.59 at Nyquist frequency 38.5 lp/mm, which satisfies the requirement. Its structure is compact and feasible for space remote sensing. The design method is proved to be feasible.

Based on the prime focus optical system applied on the polaxis telescope, the primary mirror support design and analysis, the primary mirror alignment and test, corrective lens assembly design and alignment to system alignment and test were detailed discussed. The finite element method was used to analysis the primary mirror support, the centering facility was used to test the optic axis concentricity, and the collimator was used to test system image quality. A general method was obtained that is suitable for the prime focus optical system alignment and test. The primary mirror surface figure RMS is 0.0428λ after alignment, and the corrective lens assembly coaxial error achieves 12.4″. The energy centralization method was adopt to evaluate system image quality, and star point 80% energy concentrate degree was in 4×4 pixels on target area, which achieved design requirements. The results indicate system design is reasonable and alignment method is proper. This method also can be used to another prime focus optical system alignment and test.

Influences of the thermal diversification to the accuracy of optical element and relatively position of the opto-mechanical system are analyzed. The scale ratio of the optical distance diversification and the defocus error of optical system is derived. Through integrated opto-mechanical design and analysis of image quality of the 1.23 m aperture telescope, an opto-mechanical system (fitting the thermal diversification of －35 ℃～+55 ℃) is built that meets the requirements of imaging of the telescope. It is also validated that the main influence of the thermal diversification to the telescope is defocus error, and some practical compensation methods such as focus mechanism on secondary mirror to satisfy the requirements of observation of the telescope are presented. Meanwhile, some feasible opinions for the observational experiments and upgrading of 1.23 m aperture telescope or larger aperture telescope analogously are proposed.

With the development of space optical technology,space camera is required to be characterized by both high resolution of ground sample distance and ability of multi-spectral imaging.Thus the optical system design must be satisfied with the demand of large field of view and small distortion.Based on the on-axis three-mirror-anastigmat system,a new type of optical system was designed,which is characterized by small central obscuration,low optical distortion and reasonable arrangement of panchromatic and multi-spectral CCD.The results indicate that the field angel reaches 1.6°,the system line central obscure coefficient is lower 1/3,the optical system distortion is less than 0.5%,MTF is superior to 0.47 at 50 lp/mm,the image quality reaches the limit of optical diffraction,when the focal length is 12 000 mm,focal ratio is 12, and the spectrum band is from 450 to 900 nm.So the proposed optical system can meet the demand of high resolution multi-spectral space cameras.

Image quality analysis by CODE V software can obtain more accurate result of a main-secod mirror optical system based on each surface′s real wavefront aberration of surface error, and this result can be used to direct the alignment of the system. A 520 mm diameter RC system is analyzed, and the result is compared with real interferogram of surface error and non. It is shown that the former result is more close to the real wavefront aberration tested by a interferometer, which proves the feasibility and reliability of the proposed method used in optical alignment engineering.

For testing the wavefront error of large aperture telescope in the outfield, a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor with high detect ability was developed. Using star as light source, the wavefront error of the telescope with 1 m diameter and 11 m focal length was test through the sensor. The results show that the wavefront error of the telescope is about 0.39λ~ 0.46λRMS, and the error increases as the elevation angle of the telescope. The dominating aberration is 3rd 0°astigmatism, and the result is identical to that of star test.

Photoionization of atoms in intense, few-cycle laser pulses is inversion asymmetry. An asymmetric parameter is used to quantitatively analyze the asymmetry degree. By means of a non-perturbative quantum scattering theory and employing a three-mode laser field to mimic the short pulse, the variation of the asymmetric parameter are researched with the carrier-envelope phase and duration of the pulses. It is found that the asymmetry degree varies with the carrier-envelope phase as a sine-like pattern, and the maximum of asymmetry degree varies with pulse intensity and pulse duration. Along with the increasing laser intensities, the maximal asymmetry firstly decreases and then increases after it reaches a minimal value. At higher intensities, the asymmetry is still distinctive for relative-long few-cycle pulses. Thus, increasing the pulse intensity is helpful to observe the carrier-envelope phase-dependence.

In order to study the temporal behavior of the low-amplitude grey spatial solitons in two-photon centrosymmetric photorefractive crystals, the expressions of time-dependent space-charge field and dynamical evolution equation are obtained, based on the two-photon photorefractive effect in centrosymmetric photorefractive crystals. The temporal behavior of the intensity profiles and the intensity full width at half maximum of grey solitons are obtained by numerical method. The results indicate that the intensity width of spatial solitons generated at the beginning decreases monotonously to a minimum value until steady state. Within the same propagation time, the higher the ratio of solitons′ peak intensity to the dark irradiation intensity is, the shorter the intensity full width at half maximum of grey solitons is. Dynamical evolutions of the low-amplitude grey spatial solitons are simulated numerically at different time.

Excited with three femtosecond laser pulses, the stimulated photon echo phenomenon is studied, which is induced by the optical transition of 1se1sh excitons in a core-shell CdSe/ZnS quantum dot-quantum well. The energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of charge carriers were obtained by solving the stationary Schrdinger equation under the effective-mass approximation. The parameter dependence of the photon echo signals was investigated employing the optical Bloch equations. The numerical results reveal that the stimulated photon echo phenomenon can be effectively controlled by the variation of the size and structure of quantum dot-quantum well. And the corresponding mechanism was discussed in terms of the quantum size confined effect theory.

A novel optical image encryption is proposed based on two-step-only quadrature phase-shifting interferometry. Only two interferograms are needed to reconstruct a zero-order-and twin-image-free hologram in this phase-shifting digital holography interference. Such technique precludes the need from recording either the reference wave or the object wave intensity. The object wavefront propagates with two Fresnel transforms in the light path, combined with the double random phase encoding. The following is that introducing zero and л/2 phase into reference waves respectively and recording two digital holograms as encrypted image. As long as the correct key is given in the decryption, a clear original image can be reconstructed by a simple calculation. The feasibility and its robustness against occlusion and noise attacks are verified by a series of numerical simulations.

The stress states are measured for hot wind furnace of balst in working and reliable data are supplied for safety operation. Dispalcements and strains of shell of hot wind furnace are measured by digital speckle correlation method (DSCM) in real time.Simultaneously, mark point method is also adopted for measuring the displacements and strains of hot wind furnace shell in order to compare the results obtained by DSCM. In the experiment, displacements and strains of circular and axial direction for furnace shell are obtained successfully. And the results obtained by DSCM and mark point method agree well. Through on-the-spot test, it can be concluded that the working stresses are lower than permissible stresses under different working states for hot wind furnace. So the operation of the hot wind furnace is safety.

According to the strong correlation between the spectrum on hyperspectral images, a method of hyperspectral image compressed sensing is proposed which is based on the linear filter between bands. In terms of apparent correlations between the image series, linear filter between bands is used between reconstruction frame and fomer reconstruction image, to reduce noise information, correct contour information on reconstruction image, and improve the precision of the reconstruction. In the linear filter between bands, low-frequency coefficients of the reconstruction frame are reserved, and high frequency coefficients are summed with the high wavelet transform coefficients of the previous spectrum reconstruction image. Experiment results show that the proposed method can improve the precision of the reconstruction and reduce the reconstruction time.

Due to the image blur caused by defocus and motion, a new method is presented to distinguish defocus blur and motion blur images robustly and accurately. Based on Hough transform and compared the number of highlights in the Hough matrix, this method has high accuracy, up to 100%. An improved approach for motion blur direction from motion blur image via two directional derivations is proposed which improves the precision estimation. And, an improved method is presented to calculate the edge spread function using improved Prewiit operator and Fermi function, then obtain the MTF and then restore image using Wiener filter. Some experiments are performed to validate the performance of the proposed method. Experimental results show that this method has effectiveness and strong resistance to the noise, and can work on noisy images with low SNR; when SNR is 20 dB, it can work robustly. And compared with the traditional image restoration method and model, the image restoration results are improved significantly using the proposed method.

To obtain the ultraweak luminescence properties of plant affected by multilateral growth, environment factors of osmanthus tree seedings were used as the research material.Quadratic rotation-orthogonal composite experimental design was used to study the effects of illumination,temperature,relative humidity,and moisture on the ultra-weak luminescence of leaves of osmanthus tree seedings.The model of four environmental factors to ultra-weak luminescence of osmanthus tree seedings leaves was established.The ANOVA(analysis of variance) analysis showed that the significant value of influence of different factors and their interaction on ultra-weak luminescence are different.The linear effects of four variables,the quadratic effects of illumination,relative humidity and moisture,and the interaction effects of illumination & moisture and temperature & relative humidity are all significant,with p-value ≤0.01.And when light by 10 stick of lamp tube (intensity of illumination value 4 229 Lx) and mean temperature,humidity and water respectively controlling in 35 ℃ 90 mL/d,85%, the value of ultraweak luminescence was maximum.Based on that,the influence rule of each influential environmental factors and their interactions on the ultra-weak luminescence was also included.

The symbiotic cyanobacteria were isolated from the sporangium of Huperzia. Serrata (Thunb.) Trevis (H. Serrata). And the effects of light intensity on the growth of cyanobacteria were studied. The results showed that the optimal biomass of cyanobacteria cell was obtained under 500 Lx light intensity. The higher light intensity (> 2000 Lx) repressed the cyanobacteria cell growth which would be faded and turned white. During the growth of symbiotic cyanobacteria, the chlorophyll a content was significantly reduced with the light intensity increased, which were positively correlated with the biomass reduction under higher light intensity. In addition, we found that the biomass and the chlorophyll a content of symbiotic cyanobacteria were higher under green light or blue light than those under red light. In conclusion, the weak light was suitable for the growth of symbiotic cyanobacteria isolated from the sporangium of H. Serrata. And the optimal light quality on the growth of symbiotic cyanobacteria was green light or blue light.

Six kinds of samples are collected including pure milk, milk with high calcium and milk with high calcium but low fat producted by Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co.,Ltd.and Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Co.,Ltd.respectively.0.17 mL, 0.20 mL, 0.23 mL, 0.26 mL, 0.29 mL, 0.32 mL, 0.35 mL of the six kinds of samples are added into 5mL deionized water, and 42 pieces of milk solution are obtained.Hitachi F-4600 fluorescence spectrophotometer is used to obtain the fluorescence spectra of the samples under excitation wavelength at 315 nm, 320 nm, 325 nm, 330 nm, 335 nm, 340 nm, 345 nm respectively.After Savitzky-Golay smoothing and FFT low-pass filtered, each fluorescence spectrum is decomposed by Gauss multi-dimensional fitting, then 5 element gauss peak appeared.Each element Gauss peak position of all milk peroxide solution is invariable under the same stimulation wave length.All element Gauss peaks are red shifted along with the stimulation wave length increasing.Under the long stimulation wave length, each element Gauss peak of milk with high calcium but low fat is bigger than the others.Milk density plays an unimportant role to the total fluorescence spectrum.

The measurement of blood glucose are enzymatic and biochemical methods which are destructive. Raman technique is used to detect blood glucose and a new data analysis method is established to analyse blood glucose concentration, which is a noninvasive and rapid blood glucose tests. Using mice as experimental models, Raman spectra of blood taken from the tails are acquried half an hour after injection of glucose. Raman spectra are collected every 15 minutes and accompanied by blood glucose meter to get the blood glucose value to be reference. 1 125 cm－1 is characteristic peak of glucose and glucose in blood is called blood glucose, so 1 125 cm－1 is chosen as the peak of blood glucose in the Raman spectra of blood. 1 549 cm－1 is characteristic peak of hemoglobin which is stable in the body, so 1 549 cm－1is used to be internal standard to research 1 125 cm－1 intensity. The result shows that the change of 1 125 cm－1/1 549 cm－1 may well correspond with changes in blood glucose and they have a good linear relationship. The experiments show that this Raman technique can reflect the changes of blood sugar levels noninvasive.

For studying polarization properties of total reflection tunnel effect of 1D anisotropic photonic crystal, the transition matrix method is adopted, and the transmissivity of TE wave and TM wave are studied when incident angle greater than full reflection angle. 1 grade and 2 grade total reflection tunnel effects are found in the transmission wave. Some new properties of total reflection tunnel effect of 1D anisotropic photonic crystal are btained. Tunnel frequencies of TE wave and TM wave have great differences, and this feature can be achieved using frequency separation of TE wave and TM wave, which can be used in the design of high-quality polarizing filter.

A model of two-dimensional photonic band gap structures resonant cavity is proposed made by GaAs pillars in air with graphite lattice. Its TMy mode formant wavelength changing with stress and temperature is calculated by finite difference time domain method. The results show that no mater what direction for the stress acting on the resonant cavity, there will be a good linear characteristic between the formant wavelength and the stress, the sensitivity responding to stress is 0.013 69 nm/Mpa. Meanwhile, it is found that the sensitivities responding to stress along x and y direction are the same. There is a sectional linear characteristic between the main formant wavelength and temperature for this kind of photonic crystal resonant cavity, and the biggest sensitivity responding to temperature is 1.4 nm/℃. Furthermore, the results show that there is a make-and break key characteristic for the proposed resonant cavity.

Based on the secondary rainbow principle, three kinds of glass beads with typical refractive indices 1.90, 1.93 and 2.2 are measured by semiconductor lasers with three different wavelengths (632.8 nm, 532 nm and 404 nm). Then dispersion functions are determined according to Cauchy function and experimental results, which show that the normal dispersion characteristic belongs to the glass beads but with the large amount. By analyzing whether the dispersion has effect on retroreflective capability with different incident angles from 0° to 90°, it shows that the retroreflective capability of glass beads with refractive index 2.2 is inferior to those of 1.90 and 1.93. Additionally, the energy distribution of retroreflect lights in the paraxial region is simulated by ray tracing method. And the results indicate that the retroreflective energies of glass beads with refractive indices 1.90 and 1.93 are mainly concentrated in the range of 5°.

To overcome the problem that traditional Mean-Shift based tracking method is easy to fail because of the rigid tracking window with the changing of object scales, a new algorithm to estimate the scale of the tracking window is proposed. It divides the template image and the current frame image into several concentric cirques. After calculating the comparability measurement of corresponding cirques between the template and the current image, it ascertains the bandwidth parameter of current frame. Finally, Kalman filter is adopt to finish the update of the template scale and the stable object tracking is realized. Experiments prove that the proposed algorithm is able to renew the template accurately when the scale of the object changes, and the tracking reliability is improved compared to the traditional Mean-Shift based tracking method.