The oxygen A-band passive ranging has become one of the most active research topics in the area of mono-station passive distance estimation. However, the maximum estimating distance with acceptable errors is limited by the saturated zone in oxygen absorption curve. Calculation of the spectral transmittance with Modtran at 1 cm–1 resolution is performed, and through data modeling, a passive ranging formula of zenith angle and average absorption is obtained. This formula avoids saturated zone in the oxygen absorption curve, it makes the effective distance estimation range up to 50 km. In addition, the formula is not sensitive to absorption measurement error. For example, a zero-altitude sensor with a minimum detectable absorbance of Aˉ= 10-2 yields an approximate range error of not exceeding 50 m. The conclusion is expected to break through current situation of passive ranging based on oxygen absorption at short-range, and promote its practical application.

In order to restrict the deformable mirror to form the tip/tilt and piston aberration in close-loop adaptive optics(AO) system,the dynamic characteristic and the correction error of the system using least square algorithm by adding limitative aberration vector are analyzed, and the simulation result shows that the algorithm not only can not restrict the limitative aberration vector exactly，but also degrade the correction performance. Project-constraint algorithm to restrict the deformable mirror to form tip/tilt and piston aberration via aberration decouple and imposing limitative vector on control voltage is proposed. Simulation correction result for first 36-order aberration indicates only 0.02 pixels offset of far field is generated by deformable mirror via project-constraint algorithm, while 9.3 pixels offset using least square algorithm by adding limitative aberration vector, and higher Strehl ratio is achieved via project-constraint algorithm when correct for first 36-order Zernik mode aberration. The result shows that project-constraint algorithm can restrict effectively,and have better correction performance.

In order to quantitatively evaluate and reasonably design a wire grid (WG) polarizer applied to airlight rejection, a performance characterization method for a WG polarizer is proposed. The method combines rigorous coupled- wave(RCW) analysis and a computational model for performance of airlight rejection utilizing polarization filtering. In the proposed method, RCW analysis is responsible for calculating TM and TE polarization transmission efficiencies. The proposed method is utilized to calculate and analyze the performance of airlight rejection utilizing a dimensional and rectangular WG polarizer and the reached conclusion is that gold (Au) and copper (Cu) grating outperform silver(Ag), aluminum (Al) and chromium(Cr) gratings; the performance of airlight rejection utilizing a WG polarizer is improved with increasing gratings height; the relatively optimal grating height is above 200 nm; the relatively optimal range of a grating period is 200~300 nm; the performance of airlight rejection utilizing a WG polarizer increases with increasing duty cycle of gratings. The designed parameters for a WG polarizer are the grating material of Cu, substrate material of silica(SO2), duty cycle of 0.5, grating period of 250 nm and grating height of 200 nm.

The geometrical structure and electronic properties of the AlnCl(n=2~14) clusters have been investigated by using the density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP 6-311G+(d) level, based on the crystal structure analysis by particle swarm optimization(CALYPSO). The binding energies, energy-gaps, second-order energy difference， fragmentation energy of the clusters and the properties of infrared and Raman spectrum are also discussed. The calculated results indicate that: the most stable structures of AlnCl(n=2~14) clusters develop from planar to threedimensional structure; the Aln-1Cl structure capped with one Cl atom is the dominant growth behavior for different sized AlnCl(n=2~14) clusters; Al7Cl is the magic cluster. The AlnCl(n=2~14) clusters exhibit stronger infrared intensity at the higher frequency band. On the contrary, AlnCl(n=2~14) clusters have more Raman vibrational peaks and it exhibits stronger Raman activity at the lower frequency band.

Cavities initially in weak coherent states are considered. The entanglement tensor approach is used to quantify the degree of entanglement. The tripartite entanglement dynamics of the system comprising three twolevel atoms resonantly interacting with three cavities coupled by two optical fibers is studied. The influence of cavity-fiber coupling constant on the tripartite entanglement among atoms and the influence of intensity of the cavity field on that are discussed. The tripartite entanglement among atoms is weakened with coupling constant between cavity and fiber increasing. On the other hand, it is strengthened with intensity of the cavity field increasing.

Limited by view field angle, heterodyne system composed of single point detector cannot receive signal beams power adequately. The heterodyne system in which the single point detector is replaced by array detector can enhance the received amount of signal power through enlarging view field angle. Taking into account the thermal noise and saturation effects, signal-noise ratio(SNR) of heterodyne system with array detector is researched. Results show that compared with single point detection system, it will gain a higher SNR. However, it is pointed out, when the number of the units in array increases to a certain number, SNR cannot attain more improvement because of the thermal noise. For the reason that the signal output of system is the sum of output of all detector units, it is impossible to realize equiphase superposition. Impact of superposition in non- equiphase on system is also investigated by calculation simulation, and results show that the impact can be controlled effectively in the hardware design.

Influence of material parameters on quantum efficiency of In0.53Ga0.47As photodetector is presented. The results show that the quantum efficiency mainly depends on the direction of incident light, the carrier concentrations of P-region and N-region, and the surface recombination velocities and the thickness of each region. When light is injected from P-side, the surface recombination velocity, carrier concentration and thickness of P-region have significant impact on the quantum efficiency. The material parameters of N-region have slight impact on quantum efficiency. Under condition of high carrier concentration (n>1017 cm-3), the surface recombination velocity and thickness are major factors. When light is injected from N-side, the surface recombination velocity of N-region is the major factor of quantum efficiency, if the carrier concentration is less than 1017 cm-3; the material thickness is the major factor of quantum efficiency, if the carrier concentration is more than 10cm16 cm-3.

Three- dimensional X- ray diffraction (3DXRD) microscopy is a fast and nondestructive structural characterization technique aimed at studies of the spatial distribution of grains (subgrains) within millimetre-sized polycrystalline specimens. The 3DXRD method is successfully established on BL13W1 imaging beam line at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Several influential factors are studied during the process of data analysis.The accuracy of peak searching is improved effectively by using median filter and image enhancement. More accurate alignment can be achieved by the combination of Debye- Scherrer coarse alignment and the iteration of figure-ofmerit fine alignment. Further operation of parallel computation increases the efficiency of alignment by 4.5 times. The results show that 3DXRD can obtain both far-field and near-field diffraction information simultaneously, deriving grain information such as grain size, center-of-mass position, crystallographic orientation and the degree of grain deformation.

In order to meet the requirements of high sensitivity and specificity of biomedical research, a new optical nanofiber biosensor using gold nanorods (GNR) as amplification labels is reported, based on extinction property of GNR. Optical influence of GNR attached to the surface of fiber is studied. Single GNR is successfully resolved in experiment. In this nanofiber biosensor, a sandwich assay strategy is utilized for detection. The limit of detection (LOD) of this sensor for Goat- IgG is 0.02 ng/mL in PBS, which shows a great performance in sensitivity and specificity. The biosensor, reported in this work, has the advantages of simple detection scheme, fast response time, and ease of miniaturization, which might make this biosensor a promising platform for clinical cancer diagnosis, food safety detection and environmental monitoring.

The effect of mid-infrared supercontinnum generation in ZBLAN fibers is numerically investigated. Based on the finite element method, the influences of macroscopic bending on confinement loss, dispersion and nonlinearity of ZBLAN fibers with different numerical apertures are analyzed, and the bending cut- off wavelength of ZBLAN fibers is figured out. The evolution of mid- infrared supercontinuum generation in ZBLAN fibers is simulated by using the general nonlinear Schr?dinger’s equation. The results indicate that the drastic dropping of nonlinear coefficient in mid- infrared wavelength region suppresses the spectral broaden ? ing of ZBLAN fibers with low numerical aperture when no bending is applied. In the presence of bending, when the central frequency of the soliton approaches the boundary of bending-induced loss region, the soliton selffrequency shift effect is suppressed and the spectral broadening phenomenon is radicated as well.

A refractive index and temperature sensor is proposed based on tapered triple cladding quartz specialty fiber (TTCQSF). The SMF-TTCQSF-SMF structure is fabricated by drawing a section of fused TCQSF which is spliced in the both ends with two single mode fibers (SMFs). Then an in-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is achieved. The optical path difference between the fiber core mode and cladding mode of TTCQSF can vary with the changes of the external environment. And it causes the change of the sensor interference spectrum. Monitoring the variation of the transmission spectrum can determine the ambient physical parameters. The sensing performances of refractive index and temperature of the sensor are tested, respectively. The experimental results show that the transmission spectra of the sensor have red shift when the refractive index increases in the range from 1.3350 to 1.3466 and have blue shift when the temperature increases in the range from 25.7 ℃ to 94.9 ℃ . The refractive index sensitivity is 1673.94 nm/RIU and the temperature sensitivity is -0.061 nm/℃, where RIU is refractive index unit. Both of them have good linearities. The sensor has the advantages of easy manufacturing and high sensitivity. So it has a good application prospect in the fields of refractive index and temperature measurement, such as biochemistry and industrial production.

The chalcogenide glasses are considered as a kind of good candidate for their characteristics of higher linearity and nonlinearity. Compared to common silica fibers and step- index chalcogenide glasses fibers, chalcogenide suspended-core fibers have better qualities in wider infrared transmitting, ultra-higher nonlinearity functioning and dispersion tailoring, so that it can be used in infrared laser spectrum broaden, chemical and biologic sensing popularly. First, the reviews are given for the developments of chalcogenide glasses fiber and laser supercontinuum generation; then, a few meters of four- hole suspended- core fibers are fabricated by a novel extrusion method which need only purified bulk chalcogenide glass for preparation. Here, the glasses thermal stability and tailored fibers geometry can be protected finely thanks to the novel extrusion method. In addition, the optical properties of glasses and fibers also are measured detailedly. With the help of optical spectra analysis, the visible and infrared transmitting of As2S3 samples, optical loss spectrum and light transmission spot diagrams in the fibers are discussed, respectively. A low-loss (0.17 dB/m at a wavelength of 3.8 μm) chalcogenide suspended-core fiber with a core diameter of 5.6 μm is obtained, and their supercontinuum generations are achieved under the pump of infrared optical parametric amplification(OPA) laser, the widest broadened spectrum in infrared region can be achieved up to 3000 nm (from 1500 to 4500 nm), and the value can be increased up to 6000 nm in theory with a more widen spectroscopic detector.

A fiber Bragg grating accelerometer based on L-shaped rigid beam and elastic diaphragm is designed for high- precision detection of low- frequency vibration signals. The structure of accelerometer is analyzed theoretically, and the influence of each parameter on the sensitivity and resonant frequency is discussed by simulation with Matlab. Optimization design is made on the basis of simulation. According to the analysis result, the accelerometer is made. The sensing performances that include amplitude- frequency characteristic, linear response and ability of resisting transverse interference in the cross-axis are tested experimentally. Experimental results show that the structure of accelerometer is stable by using L-shaped rigid beam. Also the chirp effect of grating and the multi-peak of reflective spectrum are avoided. The sensor has good performances in detection of low-frequency vibration signals because it has flat response from 20 Hz to 70 Hz and the sensitivity is about 220 pm/g with a linear coefficient of 99.98% . Elastic diaphragm used as elastic element efficiently eliminate transverse interference while the interference degree can be less than -32.73 dB.

The location of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is one of the key technologies for the fabrication and the laying quality of the large ultra-weak FBG array. Aiming at solving the problems existing in the traditional optical time domain reflector for locating ultra-weak FBGs, a two-dimension location method based on phase and intensity is proposed. The method interrogates the single FBG with optical time domain techniques, and locates the target FBG by adjusting the phase difference between the input pulses and the selection pulses and detecting the peak power of reflective signal. The system for the FBG array is constructed to locate the 1009-FBG array with the average reflectivity of -34 dB and the spatial space of 2.5 m, and the 0.1 m position error is obtained.

A novel compact optical component aimed at transforming a plane wave into a bottle beam is proposed and demonstrated. This component consists of a cover and aplano-convex lens which has the advantage of simple structure and easy production. The component can generate bottle beam with fixed parameters by modulating paralleling light and achieve the target of turning the size of bottle beam in wide range by replacing the cover. The formation mechanism of bottle beam is analyzed by geometrical optics, the relevant parameters expression is also derived. According to the diffraction integral theory, the distribution of the light field behind the element is derived and the numerical simulation is carried out with Matlab. Using He- Ne laser as light source, the cross sectional intensity distribution of bottle beam in experiment is captured.The results are basically consistent with the simulation.

The system of reflective double grating diffraction has been studied based on the optical theory. A mathematic model which is related to the reflective grating signal as well as the relative displacement has been established, and the characteristic of displacement is analyzed and simulated by Matlab, it is easy to find that the output light intensity of 0th signal come to the largest and the regulation of it stays stable. Besides, an ultra precision positioning system using double reflecting gratings is designed, the system chooses 0th grating signal as the control signal, through the closed-loop control by micro-computer, it can provide real-time detection of high-precision displacement and automatic location in ultra high precision. An intelligent proportion integration differentiation(PID) control technology based on the fuzzy radial basis function (RBF) neural networks has been designed in allusion to the characteristics such as non-linear and hysteresis of the reflect positioning system. With the affection both of them, the control parameter of PID system can be adjusted on time, the intelligent PID control system is able to realize the intelligentialize as well as to improve the adaptive ability. The result indicates that the intelligent PID control system has good interference immunity, high positioning efficiency, and the accuracy can achieve ±10 nm.

Based on the vector aberration theory, an analysis method of aberration field distribution induced by Zernike polynomial freeform surface is proposed. The analysis expression of aberration by inducing freeform surfaces into the optical system with residual astigmatism and coma is deduced. The aberration nodal distribution leaded by freeform surface which is away from the stop position is simulated by optical design software. The simulation result is agreed with the analysis result which proves the method can be utilized to analyze the freeform optical system aberration. Lastly, a three mirror optical system with large field of view including freeform surface is designed by utilizing this method. The effective focal length is 850 mm, F number is 6.5, the field of view is 20°× 2°. The result shows that the system distortion is lower than 0.25％ through the field of view. The system can achieve the requirement of earth observation.

Extreme ultraviolet lithography(EUVL) objective with high NA and large exposure field is the core component of lithography equipments for high volume manufacture (HVM) aiming at 22 nm node and beyond.The visual generation of the initial construction of EUVL objectives is presented based on the analysis of the valid objectives and grouping strategy. With alternation of step by step increasing NA and optimizations, λ/50 root mean square (RMS) composite wavefront error has been achieved in the 2 mm wide arc full field with a chord length of 26 mm. By the aids of Q-type polynomials, the maximum asphericity and diameter of mirrors have been optimized less than 45 μm and 400 mm, respectively. And finally the full-field composite wavefront error is better than 0.027 λ RMS and the distortion is less than 1.5 nm.

In order to extend the depth of field and enhance the resolution of microscopy system, a phase pupil filter with Zernike polynomials is proposed. Through analysis of intensity distribution near the focus point, its improvement for optical imaging system is demonstrated. Results show that depth of field is extended 4.15 times as well as resolution is increased 1.3 times. In addition, the performance of Zernike phase pupil is compared with the other phase pupil filters manifesting its advantages. This new type phase pupil with Zernike polynomials has practicability and applied value in flaw detection with microscopy.

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithographic projection objective must be well-corrected for aberrations after optimization process. However, selecting compensators to allocate tolerances properly is also needed in consideration of manufacturability and expected performance. For an EUV lithographic projection objective with a numerical aperture of 0.33, six compensators are chosen based on the sensitivity to wavefront error and correlation, and then the tolerances of non-compensators are analyzed. Furthermore, a method based on Monte Carlo trials is presented to analyze the accuracy of compensators. Using this method, the accuracy of compensators is obtained. The result shows that the most rigorous thickness tolerances, decentering tolerances and tilt tolerances are in the range of ± 2 μm, ± 3 μm and ± 5 μrad respectively，and the accuracy of thickness and decentering compensators is ± 0.1 μm. The root mean square (RMS) wavefront error of the projection system is less than 1 nm in the probability of 97.7 %.

Support structure is one of the most important factor of high- precision optical components. The relationship between the gravity deformation and caliber and thickness under three-point support is studied. The combination of numerical analysis, finite element method (FEM) and experimental validation is used to complete support under its own gravity deformation of three-point support. Firstly, using sheet theoretical to derivate the relationship between the gravity deformation and caliber, thickness under three-point support; and then, using the FEM analysis of the gravity deformation plane mirror size in a range of different thicknesses and calibers. Finally, the correctness of the model is validated by experiment. Under the basic of the sheet theoretical, the relationship between the gravity deformation and material, caliber, thickness and form is established completely, and it provides theoretical basis for quickly work out the gravity deformation under three-point support.

For the measurement of large SiC mirror before interferometry test, the method of swing arm profilometry (SAP) is introduced. The basic principle and flow chart of SAP are presented; with surface reconstructed based on consistency of surface height at scan crossings and defocusing amount of mirror surface measured with a laser tracker as supplementary, an optimized test model is built. As an example, a 2040 mm SiC mirror is tested by SAP, with accuracy of 0.46 μm root mean square (RMS), which is 0.04 μm deviation from interferometric test. As a best-fitting sphere being basement of the test, in situ metrology is implemented; this method provides an accurate and efficient way to measure a large mirror, and meet the need of high-accuracy measurement of large SiC mirrors during grinding.

To deals with the problem of estimating the relative pose between a camera and an object, this paper proposes a hybrid of vision and inclination sensor method for estimating relative pose.It is assumed that both the camera and the object are equipped with an inclination sensor, the resulting pose estimation problem can be seen as a PnP (perspective-n-point) problem with inclination constraint. First, this paper introduces the principle of the proposed method, simulations results certify that the proposed method can improve the computing accuracy and depress the image noise comparing with other solutions to the PnP problem. Finally, the experimental results show that the average reprojection errors of x and y directions for 15 feature points are less than 0.1 pixels by using the proposed method, which can meet the needs of pose measurement.

Gain characteristics of waveguide amplifiers based on SU-8 2005 doped with NaYF4∶18％Yb3+, 10％Er3+ nanocrystals (NCs) at 1.55μmm wavelength are investigated through numerical simulations. NaYF4∶18％Yb3+,10％ Er3+ NCs are doped into SU-8 2005 polymer matrix as the core of the polymer waveguide, and the P(MMA-GMA) polymer is used as the top cladding. The absorption spectrum and photoluminescence spectrum of the NCs are measured and analyzed. The Judd- Ofelt parameters are achieved by means of Judd- Ofelt theory: Ω2 = 6.302 × 10-20 cm2, Ω4 = 0.69 × 10-20 cm2, Ω6 = 7.572 × 10-20 cm2. The gain characteristics of the waveguide amplifier at 1.55 μm wavelength are simulated by combining the power propagation equations as well as the atomic rate equations. The gain curves have the saturation effects. The maximum gain of 9.7 dB with the Er3+ concentration of 7.5 × 1025 m-3 is obtained. The top cladding of the waveguide amplifier with SU- 8 doped with NaYF4∶Yb3+ , Er3+ nanocrystals is P(MMA-GMA), and bottom cladding is SiO2, respectively. For input signal power of 0.1 mW and 980 nm pump power of 170 mW, a relative optical gain of 3.42 dB/cm at 1550 nm is obtained.

Thermal ablation process of gold film irradiated by a single femtosecond pulse laser is investigated using the two-temperature model. The phase change interface is obtained by considering the interface energy balance equation and gas kinetics law. Comparisons between numerical results with the dual-hyperbolic two-step (DHTS) model and the parabolic two-step (PTS) model are presented, the effects of laser parameters and film thickness on thermal ablation process are also investigated. Results show that compared with PTS model, the DHTS model is more close to the experimental results, the melting and ablation depth of the DHTS model are much higher than the results of the PTS model in the same conditions, and with increasing laser fluence or decreasing pulse width, the ablation depth is gradually increased, the film thickness has a slightly effect on the thermal ablation process.

In order to detect occlusion boundary in video sequences, a novel occlusion boundary detection approach based on unsupervised online learning is proposed. The occlusion related features of the frame to be detected in video sequences are extracted and the time length corresponding to the frame is calculated. The pixel points' occlusion related information in the frame to be detected is obtained using Hedge algorithm and combining time length with different occlusion features. The occlusion related information of different features is voted to accomplish occlusion boundary detection of current frame. The detection result of current frame is used to estimate the feature weight for next frame based on Online Boosting idea to realize the detection of subsequent frames. The proposed method changes the weight of different features through online learning idea to accomplish occlusion boundary detection, and does not need to obtain priori knowledge of video sequences in advance. Experimental results show that, compared with existing methods, the proposed method has higher accuracy and better generality.

Based on the density functional theory and using the first- principles plane- wave ultra- soft pseudopotential method, The models are set up for a pure InI and two different concentrations of Pb-doped In1-xPbxI(x=0.125,0.25). After the geometry optimization is finished, the band structures, the total electron density of states and absorption spectrum are calculated. The calculated results of the geometrical structure show that with the Pb doping consistence increase, the lattice constants change, the volume of lattice reduces, the energy of doping system decreases thereby making the structure more stable. Electronic structure calculation indicates that Fermi energy level enter into the conduction band, the doping system are high doped. Meanwhile in the doping system, the optical band gap increases, the electron effective mass decreases, the conductivity increases. Optical properties calculation indicates that the absorption spectrum of the doping system is blue-shifted, indicates that Pb doping makes the optical band gap of InI system increase. It shows that these results provide theoretical guidance for the experimental study of optical and electrical properties of doped InI material.

Ce3+- doped Gd2O3 based oxyfluoride scintillation glasses are prepared through high-temperature meltquenching method under CO atmosphere. The effect of BaF2 on the density, optical properties and scintillation properties are studied. Luminescence intensity of scintillation glasses and BGO crystal excited by ultraviolet (UV) and X- ray are compared. The result shows that the density can be increased by BaF2. The more the BaF2 concentration is, the higher the density is. BaF2 can enhance the UV- excited luminescence and X- ray excited luminescence. The optimum mole fraction of BaF2 is 15%. Due to charge transferring quenching and concentration quenching of Gd3+ , the UV-excited luminescence and X-ray excited luminescence decrease with the increase of Gd2O3 concentration. The integrated light emission intensity of these glass samples excited by X-ray decreases from 143% of BGO to 19% of BGO and decay time reduces from 46.5 ns to 30.5 ns. The photoluminescence of the glasses is higher than that of BGO, while the radioluminescence is lower than that of BGO.

The advantages and disadvantages of one- and two-beam polarization second-harmonic generation (SHG) techniques are reported for the determination of the second-order nonlinear effect of isotropic nanogold film. The results indicate that 100 nm gold film fabricated by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on glass substrates is isotropic in the plane of the substrate. Expansion coefficients for nanogold film in one-beam chiral experimental setup are not unique for the measurement of p-polarized initial beam and p±s-polarized secondharmonic beam, and they are unique for s- or (p + s)- polarized initial beam; but the uniqueness of expansion coefficients in two-beam geometry is without the limitation of the initial beam polarizations. The obtained results also show that one-beam technique only determines these contributions related to the effective electric-dipolar effect arising from the broken symmetry at the surface of an isotropic gold film, but bulk multipolar (magnetic dipole and electric quadruple effects) contributions of nanogold can be completely separated from its surface second-order nonlinear optical response in the two-beam setup, and all the non-vanishing tensor components obtained in both experimental geometries are very close in value and phase, and when only considering the surface electric-dipole effect of nanogold, the quality of its tensor components can also be checked by two-beam technique. So two-beam technique has more advantages than one-beam technique in the characterization of the nonlinearity of nanogold, and this conclusion can be applied to thin films /bulk materials with high structural symmetry.

The micro-optics label receiving system is designed, a large aperture and long focal length lens called annular aperture ultra-thin lens which is used as mobile phone lens of system receiving terminal is proposed, a fourreflection folded annular aperture lens is designed with Zemax. Front and rear surfaces of lens are annual aspheric mirrors, the outer diameter of lens is 28 mm, the effective focal length is 36 mm and the thickness of lens is 7.6 mm. This lens has large effective focal length, long aperture and ultra-thin characteristics in limited thickness and weight. Thus, a long distance receiving of micro-optical label with the mobile phone is obtained. Furthermore, a image distortion correction program is developed on VC 6.0 platform based on the OpenCV computer vision library, the radial distortion of receiving image simulation is modified and decoded accurately in order to obtaining the required information.

A wide field of view(FOV) lens，containing two odd polynomial aspheres, is designed to get a digital light procession(DLP) projector with a ultra-short throw ratio. The aspheres are calculated and fitted, then the lens is optimized totally. The lens has a F-number of 2, a focal length of 4 mm, a FOV of 1280, a maximum dis? tortion of 0.9%, a total length of 100mm, and a maximum cross-section diameter of Φ = 80 mm. And the modula? tion transfer function (MTF) is above 0.6 at 0.4 lp/mm (cutoff frequency) of all fields. The designing results indi? cate that the method can be applied to design a wide FOV and ultra- short totally refractive (TR) projection lens, which can substitute for the commonly used hybrid refractive-reflective (HRX) structure. This kind of TR lens can also be applied to mini light emitting diode DLP projectors with an ultra-short TR.

A universal simulation method for 3- dimensional electro- optic device is proposed. This method combines the electro-optic wave coupling theory with finite-element method for electric field analysis. By solving Jones- matrix of electro- optic device, electro- optic modulation for arbitrary light propagating direction and arbitrary electric field direction can be computed. This method is elaborated by taking the transverse-modulated Bi4Ge3O12(BGO) optical voltage sensor(OVS) for instance. The effect of inhomogeneous electric field and light beam shift on measurement accuracy is discussed. The maximum permitted beam shift for different accuracy grade is given. The method provides references for designing and evaluating optical voltage sensor and other electro-optic devices.

Based on the scalar diffraction theory, the intensity distribution of accelerating quad Airy beams(AQABs) at different positions is numerically simulated.On the basis of it, through the research of the Poynting vector of AQABs, the local energy flow of electromagnetic fields of AQABs is described and it also provides intrinsic mechanism as to how AQABs generate and accelerate in free space. Further study of its angular momentum shows that AQABs are not a simple superposition of four classical Airy beams but an organical entity whose four parts of Airy beams have completely different optical properties. The research results reveal the intrinsic optical nature and transmission characteristics of AQABs.

By the use of multi-pinhole random screens, the intensity and phase distributions of speckle fields are analyzed. It is found that the distribution of phase vortices shows local similarity and the cluster phenomena appearing in local regions. There are many independent units composed by 2, 4 and 6 positive and negative phase vortices. These new phenomena are different from those generated by a single square aperture random screen. The density of phase vortices becomes larger with the increase of the distance between pinholes and the number of pinholes.

The preparation of decoy state in the quantum key distribution process is easy to introduce some extra information (frequency, pulse width, etc.), and the eavesdropper can use these information to distinguish signal state from decoy state. Therefore, this article proposes passive measurement device independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) based on parametric down conversion source (PDCS) and decoy state plan, and analyzes the key generation rate, single photon counting rate, bit error rate and the secure key transmission distance. The simulation results show that the maximum secure distance of passive MDI-QKD based on PDCS is about 285 km, which is much longer than MDI-QKD based on modified weak coherent source and is close to active MDI-QKD, and overcomes the imperfection of active decoy state plan that may introduce the extra information.

Because of the nonlinear response of FY-3C MERSI reflective bands , traditional calibration based on two-points is inapplicable. An integrated method for on-obit wide dynamic vicarious calibration is developed to resolve this problem. By combining various vicarious calibration methods which are independent on the ground synchronous measurement, and using the multi-scale reflectance characteristics of every program’s calibration sample, the integrated method can achieve wide dynamic radiometric calibration. Calibration samples from each program are integrated equally and weightedly by subsection-average method, and calibration coefficients are calculated based on integrated samples using weighted fitting regression. The prelaunch quadratic term of calibration experiment analysis is used to perform nonlinear correction, calibration slope and intercept are evaluated on-orbit. Anlysis and verification results show that sample distribution of each vicarious program shows well consistency and the correlation of integrated samples can reach 0.99. Regression residual of comprehensive calibration results is less than 1% for the medium to high dynamic with reflectance greater than 10%. The relative difference between the high-end calibration results with cross calivration based on deep convective clouds (DCC) test sample is less than 1.5%and Dunhuang simultaneous observation test results show that the medium accuracy is better than 3%. Because of the responsiveness to low-light radiance of MERSI shows large degradation, nonlinear coefficients acquired form prelaunch outside calibration experiment are inapplicable, and calibration results show over estimated at the low target reflectance. The results can be applied to all reflection channels of FY-3C MERSI, which can reduce the uncertainty of the two-points calibration and the influence of nonlinearity.

The high resolution imaging result of a laboratory-scale stripmap mode synthetic aperture ladar (SAL) is reported. The high resolution SAL imaging is realized utilizing an equivalent transmitting/receiving aperture of 0.5 mm×0.5 mm，and the high resolution images with picturesque high quality are generated at target distance of 12.9 m. The azimuth resolution synthetic aperture of the SAL images is over 100 times better than the real aperture diffraction limited resolution. The range compressed images of cooperative target and diffusive target, azimuth focused images and phase gradient autofocus (PGA) processed images are given in detail. Experimental figures display a clear SAL image formation process with the typical focused images of every processing step. Experimental results show that PGA has very robust focusing ability in SAL image processing, multiple iterations can greatly improve the imaging quality.

A new Rayleigh approximation for the scattering of electromagnetic wave by spherical sand with non-uniformly distributing charge is proposed, and some numerical simulation results on the differential scat? tering cross section (DSCS) and the scattering efficiency are discussed. The results show that, the DSCS pres? ents an obviously spatial distribution while the charge is non- uniformly distributing on particles, but it shows an isotropic scattering property while the charge uniformly distributes on the sand. In addition, for a given charge density, the scattering efficiency for the former is much smaller than the one when the charge uniformly distributes on sand, but in some charged angle the law becomes contrary to the former law. These results illus? trate that it is needed to consider the effect of the surface charge and its distribution form while using the mi? crowave radar to monitor the dust storms.

With respect to the shortcomings of traditional rice seed germination rate detection such as more time consumption, and the problems of near infrared spectroscopy that it is easily influenced by natural color and water content of rice seeds, a method based on continuous polarization spectroscopy and inlaid grey neural network to achieve rapid and nondestructive prediction of rice seed germination rate is proposed. The obtained continuous polarization spectra are de-noised by the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and wavelet packet transform, and EMD is selected according to the de-noising effect. The characteristics of de-noised continuous polarization spectra are extracted by the principal component analysis (PCA) and four modeling methods are used to build rice seed germination rate prediction models including partial least squares regression (PLSR), back propagation neural network (BPNN), radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) and inlaid grey neural network (IGNN). The modeling results show that the IGNN model at 10 min testing time is the most accurate, with the correlation coefficient of prediction set as 0.985 and mean square error of prediction set as 0.771. The research results show that the method based on continuous polarization spectroscopy and inlaid grey neural network can achieve rapid and nondestructive prediction of rice seed germination rate and has high prediction accuracy.

Space-born differential optical absorption spectrometer is an imaging spectrometer with wide field of view and high resolution. Spectral curve and stripe noise interferes the image quality, influences the inversion accuracy, and thus needs to be corrected on orbit. A study on full field-of-view spectral image correction method is completed on ground. The full field-of-view spectral image is obtained by using image combination, and then the spectral image is analyzed in detail. Based on the spectrometer characteristics, a spectral curve and stripe noise correction method is proposed. The correction results show that the spectral curve, cross stripe and inclined stripe are well corrected, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed correction method and providing the basis for onorbit spectral image correction.

In order to investigate the modulation of the surface oxide layer on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties of the metal thin films, Al metallic films are deposited with different thicknesses by DC magnetron sputtering by controlling the deposition power and deposition time. The as-deposited films are annealed to fabricate Al/Al2O3 composite films by regulating the annealing time and temperature. The structures, morphology and SPR properties of the Al/Al2O3 composite films are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), spectro photometer and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. XRD results show that the phases of Al/Al2O3 composite films vary from amorphous to polycrystalline with a preferential orientation with the thickness increasing. Optical absorption spectra show that two peaks which correspond to the SPR absorption peak near 220 nm and the intrinsic absorption peak metal aluminum film near 830 nm. Raman spectrum reveals that the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) intensity of Rhodamine B increases with the increasing thickness up to 14.5 nm and then decreases with the thickness further increasing. The results demonstrate that Al2O3 film has the capability to modulate the SPR with good properties.

A small-size streak tube with electrostatic focusing lens is designed with the aid of three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software, CST. Distances between electrodes of the streak tube and their voltages are determined by orthogonal experiments. Also, according to the aberration theory of the streak tube, its imaging qualities are analyzed and evaluated systematically. The optimal streak tube possesses predominant performances. The diameter of work area of the photocathode is larger than 28 mm; physical temporal resolution is better than 30 ps; static spatial resolution at the margin of the photocathode is greater than 20 lp/mm; electron- optical magnification of the tube is 1.07; overall length of the streak tube is only 100 mm; outer diameter of streak tube is 50 mm. The designed streak tube with large work area and small size meets the requirements of scannerless lidar systems in the applications of military imaging scenarios, space exploration and marine detection.