Fabrication of mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) devices has always been a challenging task due to sensitive nature of the material. I-generation devices requiring 50～60 μm wide patterning feature in size can be successfully done using wet chemical etching. Dry processing, particularly high density plasma etching is capable for reducing pixel pitch and dramatically improving fill factors needed for II-generation and III-generation devices such as high-density focal plane arrays, avalanche photodiodes, two-colour detectors and multi-spectral detectors. The deep, narrow trenches are required to be with high aspect ratios, smooth sides and high uniformity, all the requirements promoted the development of dry etching. By summarizing and analyzing the related papers published in English periodicals since 2000, the developments of wet and dry processing techniques used for HgCdTe device fabrication are described with emphasis on dry etching techniques. An in-depth understanding of etching mechanisms requires knowledge of diverse fields of chemistry, physics, and electrical sciences. To fabricate a device with large areas, the etching process needs to be optimized for good reproducibility and uniformity.

The laser active imaging technology’s principle, characteristics and performance index are described. Through the theoretical calculation and the experiment, the laser active imaging distance and the recognition capability are studied. The parameters such as resolution, laser divergence angle, focal length and field of view are quantitatively analyzed. According to the results of theoretical study and experimental verification, the correctness of the analysis is proved. To increase imaging distance, the effect of reducing the divergence angle is more obvious than that of enhancing laser power. When the divergence angle is less than 4 mrad, the image identification of the 2 m target at 10 km can be achieved.

The necessary conditions required to establish optical signal environment simulating system and the importance of designing this system are presented. To meet the requirement for test, the properties of the way to simulate optical signal environment for full object as well as the needs of building the system are analyzed. According to the practical requirements, the hardware and software structure and functions of the simulating system for full object in the field are studied. How to make the whole system operating coordinately to accomplish the task by controlling software is introduced. The basic concept of establishing optical signal environment simulating system and the main way of realizing it are put forward.

The effective distance of TV system in electro-optic tracker is one of the key performances, which must be calculated, analyzed and studied when the system is designed. The factors affecting the effective distance of the system are discussed, the target imaging size on TV，the luminance and contrast of targets and sky background on the imaging surface of TV are analyzed. A mathematic model of effective distance of TV under the standard atmosphere condition is established. The approach of combining the optics and signal process is capable of increasing the effective distance of TV system, the calculation formula of detection distance can be used to estimate the effective distance of the system and provide references for design.

A comprehensive testing equipment of image intensifier parameters was developed with high sensitivity and low noise CCD component as the image intensifier output image detection receiver. The comprehensive test method and principle for all the parameters were analyzed. The optimized structure design ensures that many performance parameters of image intensifier such as brightness gain, modulation transfer function and resolution can be measured by single equipment. Statistical method can be used to analyze the errors in many times test results, the experiments results show that the equipment has some advantages because its test process is automatic and fast, and its data testing is accurate and stable.

The formula of radar cross section (RCS) of chaff and the derived formulas are educed. Based on the moment method and the Galer Kin method, the differences between the induction current distributions of chaff scatting and Dipole radiation, and the far-field patterns are calculated and compared, and the influences of the attitude of chaff in space on induction current distributions and far-field patterns are discussed. Lastly, the definition and formulas of average effective RCS of one single chaff in the single-station and bi-station scattering conditions are given.

Infrared sensor is good at measuring angle while laser sensor is good at measuring distance and angle. Combing the two sensors can exert their predominance each other. A detection model of combining the infrared and laser sensors is put forward. After timely matching the information measured by every sensor and fusing the data, the targets are being tracked by α-β filter, the simulation results show that the method is feasible and satisfying.

The main reasons of attenuation produced during the transmitting of infrared radiation in the atmosphere are introduced, and some usual methods for calculating the atmospheric transmission of infrared radiation and software are briefly shown. The method of using software LOWTRAN 7 and the in-out file formats are described. The importance of application-embedded LOWTRAN 7 is discussed and an application-embedded method of LOWTRAN 7 is put forward. The relevant circuit principle diagram and the subroutine source code programmed using Delphi 6 are given.

Aiming at the traditional characteristics of pattern painting spot color, the shortage of manual color matching method is pointed out, and the method and approach of computer color matching based on colibri color matching software is illustrated, the color schemes pertinently are corrected，the spectral reflectance curve of the color schemes is obtained, which is basically as the same as the spectral reflectance curve of the background color, and the CIE-Lab graph is listed. By contrasting with these curves, it is shown that they have the same spectrum and colors among them, which is according with the pattern requirements in visible light wave band.

Based on the analysis of matched grating demodulation principle, a novel fiber Bragg grating (FBG) vibration sensor was designed. A simply supported beam structure is adopted, so center wavelength of sensing grating and natural frequency of the sensor can be changed by adjusting the beam. The matching demodulation is achieved. At the same time, the range of frequency measurement is expanded. The sensor has good frequency detection performance in standard signal vibration detecting experiments. The frequency scope is up to 200 Hz. In addition, the detected signal has good signal to noise ratio at 20 Hz and 190 Hz.

Long-period fiber grating is a new kind of fiber device developed in recent years, which couples light from the forward-propagating guided core mode into co-propagating cladding modes at special wavelengths, with more advantages over normal fiber gratings at the aspects of temperature，strain，refractive index sensing. Based on coupled mode theory, the resonant wavelength of LPFG was discussed and its transmission spectrum was simulated. The sensitivity of the long-period gratings to the surrounding refractive index was analyzed theoretically, and the relationship between the surrounding refractive index factors and the cladding mode orders was discussed while the sensitivities at different surrounding refractive index were compared. The changing rule of the resonant wavelength versus the surrounding refractive index was simulated, under the condition of the surrounding refractive index less than the cladding refractive index.

By the real-time contrast with the tested pieces and standard equipment, the automatic test system for temperature sensor can realize the sensor exact testing, and the analysis of system error is key to guarantee test precision. The automatic test system for temperature sensor composition and the testing method are introduced while several error sources affecting test precision are analyzed by testing a temperature sensor. The uncertainty of each system error is analyzed and evaluated. Finally the uncertainty of the whole system is given.

A high intelligent temperature test system is proposed. The digital temperature test sensor DS1820 is applied as a temperature test sensor, AT89C2051 SCM is the center part of the system. All designs of project, hardware circuit and software of this system are made. The temperature test on Multi-points is achieved at the same time. The experiments show that this system is characterized by high intelligence, high-precision, capability of making temperature test on multi-points and compensating function. The method has a good applicable value to the temperature test.

Li-Ion Battery is getting more and more recognition and application for its predominant capability, but it requires highly for safeguard circuit. The peculiarity of Li-Ion Battery is expatiated, and single-chip 8031 is adopted as a safeguard to protect and control the charge and discharge of Li-Ion Battery due to its peculiarity. The safeguard method and advertent problem of Li-Ion Battery are analyzed and the application circuit is presented. A reference is provided for the application of Li-Ion Battery charge and discharge safeguard circuit base on single-chip system.

The main function of vehicle carriage locating terminal is introduced along with the working principle of the system and composition of Open AT developing tools. the hardware design of vehicle carriage locating terminal and the modular design of system software are stated. The functions of the main programs, the system control modules and every sub-module are described. The working principle block diagram, the hardware structure block diagram, the initialized program flow chart of the system control module and the flow chart of the timer interrupt processing function are given.

According to the model of images restoration for sparse aperture optical systems, the adapted conditions to the algorithms of image restoration for the Wiener filtering and the least squares filtering are analyzed. Considering sparse aperture optical systems with noises, the theoretically calculation of Wiener filtering could be optimized. By contrasting with the experiments, it is known that the restoration result of the least squares filtering is better than that of the Wiener filtering in the case of having not known the noise power spectrum.

Focusing on multi-focus image fusion of the same scene, a new image fusion algorithm based on dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) was proposed. Firstly the image was decomposed with various scales and directional features using DT-CWT, the local directive contrast was defined according to the characters of the coefficients of all the sub-bands in the domain of dual-tree wavelet transform, and then the local directive contrast was applied in high frequency parts, and the definition of the image was applied in low frequency parts. Compared with other methods, the experiment results show that the proposed algorithm can extract and infuse the important information of the multi-focus image to the fusion image, the better fusion results are acquired, and the quality of fusion image was improved.

A method of the image information hiding based on two-dimensional DCT transform is proposed. After the two-dimensional DCT transform being made, the image energy concentrates in low-frequency while the high-frequency part can be regarded as vision redundant, considering the visual characteristics of the man’s eyes, the useful information can be hided in the transformation of the vector image’s high-frequency part, namely by sacrificing the image’s high frequency information to achieve the effect of information hiding. Through realizing this idea by MATLAB, the quality of the image is analyzed and the next step of the experiment is conceived.

In the inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging, the non-uniform rotation of the targets can bring phase errors relevant to scatters’ positions. The phase errors can not be expressed by one uniform function. But the scatters’ phase precision is very important to phase emendation of ISAR’s autofocus. For the accelerating targets, an autofocus algorithm based on fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) is proposed. FRCFT is applied to process the signals in the selected range unit, and extract the scatter’s signal with the maximum energy. this selected scatter signal is taken as the reference signal to eliminate the plane motion phase errors. By the same method, the scatters’ signals with maximum energy are also extracted on several selected range units. And modulated frequency signals are weighted on the average to get the optimized estimated values of the non-uniform rotation parameters. Based on the parameters, the signals are sampled non-uniformly to eliminate the phase errors. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm can eliminate the phase errors very well.

Based on the infrared equipment field test, many system measurement parameters can be obtained。 An effect simulation of infrared imaging system is proposed to be made on the basis of the system measurement parameters. For the infrared imaging system, the aberration effect, defocus effect, space integraling effect and noise distribution were analyzed, and the optic system effect and detector effect were simulated respectively. The result of imaging simulation was given in combinition with the test parameters of infrared system.

The process of welding foreign aluminum alloy material AMГ-3M(0.5 mm)and domestic aluminum alloy material 3A21/2A12(<0.8 mm) by improved small condenser spot welder was further studied and tested. The parameters of welding process were confirmed, the methods of welding process control were acquired, as well as various means of process tests were put forward. The results tests show that the small condenser spot welder can be used to weld the aluminum alloy sheets in stead of large DC spot welding machines, with feasible welding process and low costs.

The development of van carriage was summarized, and the construction design and analysis of anti-harsh environment van carriage were discussed in the following aspects: the choice of automobile chassis, the connection form of the chassis and van carriage, the carriage type, the size of carriage and whole automobile, the electromagnetic shield, the anti-impact and anti-penetration capability and the survivability in the environment of radioactivity dust and harmful gas. Some attentive problems were provided when the construction design of the van carriage was applied in the harsh environment, and the references were provided for the similar designs.