The development of van carriage was summarized, and the construction design and analysis of anti-harsh environment van carriage were discussed in the following aspects: the choice of automobile chassis, the connection form of the chassis and van carriage, the carriage type, the size of carriage and whole automobile, the electromagnetic shield, the anti-impact and anti-penetration capability and the survivability in the environment of radioactivity dust and harmful gas. Some attentive problems were provided when the construction design of the van carriage was applied in the harsh environment, and the references were provided for the similar designs.