Entanglement is the key resource in quantum information processing, and an entanglement witness (EW) is designed to detect whether a quantum system has any entanglement. However, prior knowledge of the target states should be know

Testing the extreme weak gravitational forces between torsion pendulum and surrounding objects will indicate new physics which attracts many interests. In these measurements, the fiber alignment plays a crucial role in fulfilling

We investigate the quantum to classical transition induced by two-particle interaction via a system of periodically kicked particles. The classical dynamics of particle 1 is almost unaffected in condition that its mass is much lar

A complex system contains generally many elements that are networked by their couplings. The time series of output records of the system’s dynamical process is subsequently a cooperative result of the couplings. Discovering the co

We show that it is possible to simulate an anyon by a trapped atom which possesses an induced electric dipole moment in the background of electric and magnetic fields in a specific configuration. The electric and magnetic fields w

In this paper, we propose a new enhanced GaN MISFET with embedded pn junction, i.e., EJ-MISFET, to enhance the breakdown voltage. The embedded pn junction is used to improve the simulated device electric field distribution between

We consider the problem of electrical properties of an m × n cylindrical network with two arbitrary boundaries, which contains multiple topological network models such as the regular cylindrical network, cobweb network, globe netw

The celebrated (1+1)-dimensional Korteweg de–Vries (KdV) equation and its (2+1)-dimensional extension, the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation, are two of the most important models in physical science. The KP hierarchy is explici

In this study, CdS/ZnO (2:3 mol%) thin films are successfully deposited on quartz substrates by using the sputtering technique. Good images on the structural and optical characteristic features of CdS/ZnO thin films before and aft

The hydrated-proton structure is critical for understanding the proton transport in water. However, whether the hydrated proton adopts Zundel or Eigen structure in solution has been highly debated in the past several decades. Curr

We investigate high-order harmonic generation from atoms irradiated by bichromatic counter-rotating circularly polarized laser pulses by numerically solving the time-dependent Schr?dinger equation. It is found that the minimum ene

By investigating a harmonically confined and periodically driven particle system with spin–orbit coupling (SOC) and a specific controlled parameter, we demonstrate an exactly solvable two-level model with a complete set of spin-mo

Resonance effects caused by the photon–electron interaction are a focus of attention in semiconductor optoelectronics, as they are able to increase the efficiency of emission. GaN-on-silicon microdisks can provide a perfect cavity

A novel Er:YAG laser system operating at 1645 nm with high pulse-repetition-frequency (PRF) of kHz level is demonstrated. A ring cavity with double gain medium end-pumped by two fiber lasers is utilized to obtain high pulse energy

Electron vortex beams (EVBs) have potential applications in nanoscale magnetic probes of condensed matter and nanoparticle manipulation as well as radiation physics. Recently, a relativistic electron vortex beam (REVB) has been pr

We study the dynamics of single electron in an inhomogeneous cylindrical plasma channel during the direct acceleration by linearly polarized chirped laser pulse. By adjusting the parameters of the chirped laser pulse and the plasm

The lattice structures of epitaxial Fe3O4 films deposited on MgO were studied systematically using polarized Raman spectroscopy as a function of film thickness, where interesting phenomena were observed. Firstly, the spectral conf

Electron energy relaxation time τ is one of the key physical parameters for electronic materials. In this study, we develop a new technique to measure τ in a semiconductor via monochrome picosecond (ps) terahertz (THz) pump and pr

We report an effective method for enhancing the photoassociation of ultracold atoms using a non-resonant magnetic field, which enables the manipulation of the coupling between the wavefunctions of the colliding atomic pairs and th

The properties of one-photon absorption (OPA), emission and two-photon absorption (TPA) of a bipyridine-based zinc ion probe are investigated employing the density functional theory in combination with response functions. The resp

As is well known, the basic intrinsic properties of materials can be significant for their practical applications. In this work, the room-temperature absorption, transmittance, reflectance spectra, and relative photoelectricities

Silicene, silicon analogue to graphene which possesses a two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal lattice, has attracted increasing attention in the last few years due to predicted unique properties. However, silicon naturally possesses a t

Ray tracing method is used to study the propagation of collimated beams in a liquid–core cylindrical lens (LCL), which has dual functions of diffusion cell and image formation. The diffusion images on the focal plane of the used L

Based on a theoretical model of Q-switched laser with the influences of the driving signal sent to the Pockels cell and the doping concentration of the gain medium taken into account, a method of achieving high energy sub-nanoseco

Inducing a significant optical torque remains a challenging task, since the law of angular momentum conservation implies that one has to harvest a lot of light. Such a problem was partially resolved by using optical twist via stro

Electro–optic modulator is a key component for on-chip optical signal processing. An electro–optic phase modulator based on multilayer graphene embedded in silicon nitride waveguide is demonstrated to fulfill low-power operation.

An ultrafast and low-power slow light tuning mechanism based on plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) for two disk cavities aperture-coupled to a metal-dielectric-metal plasmonic waveguide system is investigated numerically and analy

A relationship between thermal effects and relaxation of the high-frequency shear modulus upon heat treatment of bulk Zr48(Cu5/6Ag1/6)44Al8 metallic glass is found. This relationship is attributed to the relaxation of a interstiti

Exit choice is one of the most important pedestrian behaviors during evacuation. Distance to the exit is a generally recognized factor influencing expected moving time to the exit. Visual range determines how much information a pe

High quality 0.02 mol%, 0.05 mol%, and 0.08 mol% Fe: β-Ga2O3 single crystals were grown by the floating zone method. The crystal structure, optical, electrical, and thermal properties were measured and discussed. Fe: β-Ga2O3 singl

The current-induced spin-orbit torque (SOT) plays a dominant role to manipulate the magnetization in a heavy metal/ferromagnetic metal bilayer. We separate the contributions of interfacial and bulk spin-orbit coupling (SOC) to the

The piezoelectric, ferromagnetism, and magnetoelectric response of BiFeO3–BaTiO3 ceramics with the compositions around the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) of the solid solution are systematically investigated after the ceramics

The ultra-low thermal conductivity of roughened silicon nanowires (SiNWs) can not be explained by the classical phonon–surface scattering mechanism. Although there have been several efforts at developing theories of phonon–surface

As the mesoscale eddies in oceans and semi-enclosed seas are significant in horizontal dispersion of pollutants, we investigate the seasonal variations of these eddies in the Persian Gulf (PG) that are usually generated due to sea

We report experimental investigation of the resistivity and Nernst effect in two-dimensional (2D) NbSe2 crystals. A strongly enhanced Nernst effect, 100 times larger than that in bulk NbSe2, caused by moving vortices is observed i

We study superconducting properties of NbN thin film samples with different thicknesses and an ultra-thin NbTiN meander nanowire sample. For the ultra-thin samples, we found that the temperature dependence of upper critical field

Unveiling the thermal transport properties of various one-dimensional (1D) or quasi-1D materials like nanowires, nanotubes, and nanorods is of great importance both theoretically and experimentally. The dimension or size dependenc

The graded AlGaN:Si back barrier can form the majority of three-dimensional electron gases (3DEGs) at the GaN/graded AlGaN:Si heterostructure and create a composite two-dimensional (2D)–three-dimensional (3D) channel in AlGaN/GaN/

We design an 850 nm tunable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) structure using an internal-cavity sub-wavelength grating. The use of such a tuning structure allows for wider wavelength tuning range and more stable sing

Quantum theory of surface plasmons is very important for studying the interactions between light and different metal nanostructures in nanoplasmonics. In this work, using the canonical quantization method, the SPPs on nanowires an

Point and line defects are of vital importance to the physical and chemical properties of certain two-dimensional (2D) materials. Although electron beams have been demonstrated to be capable of creating single- and multi-atom defe

Metasurfaces have exhibited considerable capability for generating Airy beams. However, the available plasmonic/dielectric metasurfaces Airy-beam generators have low transmission efficiency and/or poor quality of generated beam be

Measurements of bubble size distribution require the understanding of the acoustic characteristics of the medium. The bubbles show highly nonlinear properties under finite amplitude acoustic excitation, so the acoustic fields from

We theoretically investigate the optical absorption coefficient (OAC) in asymmetrical Gaussian potential quantum dots subject to an applied electric field. Confined wave functions together with energies of electron energies in an

We experimentally observed properties of liquid film breakup for shock-wave-initiated disturbances in air at normal temperature and pressure. The tested liquids include water and various glycerol mixtures. High speed camera and mu

Understanding the physical mechanism of structural stability and transition in various polytypes of layered transition metal dichalcogenides under the external stimulus is of crucial importance for their new applications. Here, we

Two types of enhancement-mode (E-mode) AlGaN/GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs) with different gate insulators are fabricated on Si substrates. The HfO2 gate insulator and the Al2O3 ga

Traffic interruption phenomena frequently occur with the number of vehicles increasing. To investigate the effect of the traffic interruption probability on traffic flow, a new optimal velocity model is constructed by considering

The fascinating Dirac cone in honeycomb graphene, which underlies many unique electronic properties, has inspired the vast endeavors on pursuing new two-dimensional (2D) Dirac materials. Based on the density functional theory meth

The electrocaloric effect of ferroelectric ceramics has been studied extensively for solid-state caloric cooling. Generally, most ferroelectric ceramics are poor thermal conductors. In this work, the possibility of enhancing the t

Oxygen vacancies have a profound effect on the magnetic, electronic, and transport properties of transition metal oxides but little is known about their effect on thermal expansion. Herein we report the effect of oxygen defects on

The advanced heat flux manipulating structures inspired by TO-based spatial mapping have aroused wide interests owing to huge potential in high-efficient thermal energy utilization. However, most researches are limited to the real

A high crystalline quality of SiGe fin with an Si-rich composition area using the replacement fin processing is systematically demonstrated in this paper. The fin replacement process based on a standard FinFET process is developed

The electronic structures, magnetic properties, and martensitic transformation in all-d-metal Heusler-like alloys Cd2MnTM (TM = Fe, Ni, Cu) were investigated by the first-principles calculations based on density-functional theory.

The equation of state (EOS) of Cr3C2 at high pressure is studied by the synchrotron radiation x-ray diffraction (XRD) in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) at ambient temperature, and density functional theory (DFT). The XRD analysis show

Inhomogeneous electroluminescence (EL) of InGaN green LEDs grown on mesh-patterned Si (111) substrate had been investigated. Sample with n-AlGaN inserted between the pre-strained layers and the first quantum well showed the inhomo

Gamma-ray (γ-ray) radiation for silicon single photon avalanche diodes (Si SPADs) is evaluated, with total dose of 100 krad(Si) and dose rate of 50 rad(Si)/s by using 60Co as the γ-ray radiation source. The breakdown voltage, phot

Identifying influential nodes in complex networks is essential for network robust and stability, such as viral marketing and information control. Various methods have been proposed to define the influence of nodes. In this paper,

To suppress the electric field crowding at sidewall and improve the detection sensitivity of the AlGaN separate absorption and multiplication (SAM) avalanche photodiodes (APDs), we propose the new AlGaN APDs structure combining a

The dissolution of transition metal (TM) cations from oxide cathodes and the subsequent migration and deposition on the anode lead to the deconstruction of cathode materials and uncontrollable growth of solid electrode interphase

The vacuum arc melting method was used to prepare ZrCo1 - xCrx (x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1) alloys. Afterward, the crystal structure, hydrogenation kinetics, thermodynamic properties, and disproportionation performance of ZrCo

As one of important members of refractory materials, tungsten phosphide (WP) holds great potential for fundamental study and industrial applications in many fields of science and technology, due to its excellent properties such as

Ge–Ga–S thin films were deposited by magnetron sputtering with mean coordination number (MCN) ranging from 2.46 to 2.94. The physical properties of the Ge–Ga–S films, including optical band gap, refractive index, and thickness, va

In order to investigate the influence of bottleneck on single-file pedestrian flow, we conduct two different bottleneck experiments. The first one is on ring road, while the second one is on straight route. For the first one, the

We demonstrate a piezoelectric vibration energy harvester with the ZnO piezoelectric film and an improved synchronous electric charge extraction energy harvesting circuit on the basis of the beam-type mechanical structure, especia

The microstructure and Ge-V photoluminescent properties of diamond particles treated by microwave oxygen plasma are investigated. The results show that in the first 5 min of microwave plasma treatment, graphite and disordered carb

Very recently, experimental evidence showed that the hydrogen is retained in dithiol-terminated single-molecule junction under the widely adopted preparation conditions, which is in contrast to the accepted view [Nat. Chem.11 351

With the increasingly fierce market competition, manufacturing enterprises have to continuously improve their competitiveness through their collaboration and labor division with each other, i.e. forming manufacturing enterprise co

A sequential of concepts developed in the last decade has enabled a resolution to multiple anomalies of water ice and its low-dimensionality, particularly. Developed concepts include the coupled hydrogen bond (O:H–O) oscillator pa

To enhance the potential application of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecular materials, new functions are gradually cooperated to the TADF molecules. Aggregation induced emission can effectively solve the fluo

Graphene and black phosphorus have attracted tremendous attention in optics due to their support of localized plasmon resonance. In this paper, a structure consisted of graphene–black phosphorus heterostructure is proposed to real

The linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients (ACs) and refraction index changes (RICs) of 1s–1p, 1p–1d, and 1f–1d transitions are investigated in a wurtzite InxGa1 – xN/GaN core–shell quantum dot (CSQD) with donor impu

The dynamics of zero-range processes on complex networks is expected to be influenced by the topological structure of underlying networks. A real space complete condensation phase transition in the stationary state may occur. We s

We report a p24 (HIV disease biomarker) detection assay using an MgO-based magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) sensor and 20-nm magnetic nanoparticles. The MTJ array sensor with sensing area of 890 × 890 μm2 possessing a sensitivity of

Transport properties and the associated structural heterogeneity of room temperature aqueous ionic liquids and especially of super-concentrated electrolyte aqueous solutions have received increasing attention, due to their potenti

We present the recent new developments of time-dependent Schr?dinger equation and time-dependent density-functional theory for accurate and efficient treatment of the electronic structure and time-dependent quantum dynamics of man

As a problem in data science the inverse Ising (or Potts) problem is to infer the parameters of a Gibbs–Boltzmann distributions of an Ising (or Potts) model from samples drawn from that distribution. The algorithmic and computatio

We investigate the quantum thermal transistor effect in nonequilibrium three-level systems by applying the polaron-transformed Redfield equation combined with full counting statistics. The steady state heat currents are obtained v

Sulfide nanocrystals and their composites have shown great potential in the thermoelectric (TE) field due to their extremely low thermal conductivity. Recently a solid and hollow metastable Au2S nanocrystalline has been successful

The advancement of terahertz technology in recent years and its applications in various fields lead to an urgent need for functional terahertz components, among which a terahertz switch is one example of the most importance becaus

As semiconductor devices, the terahertz quantum-cascade laser is a coherent source based on intersubband transitions of unipolar carriers while the terahertz quantum-well photodetector is a kind of detector which matches the laser

It is very important to determine the phase transition temperature, such as the water/ice coexistence temperature in various water models, via molecular simulations. We show that a single individual direct simulation is sufficient