Cadherin-16 (CDH-16) is an atypical member of cadherin superfamily with specific spatio-temporal expression pattern. It is mainly detected in the kidney and the thyroid, and its transcription products transiently appear in the sex ducts, as well as lung epithelium of mouse embryos. Studies to date show that CDH-16 contributes to the maintenance of tissue integrity and embryonic development, and is also involved in normal tissue metabolism and carcinogenesis process, whereas the underlying mechanism of its action remains largely unknown. Herein, this review summarizes the structure, function, distribution of CDH-16, as well as its spatio-temporal regulation of Cdh-16 gene expression, which provide theoretical basis for uncovering the role of CDH-16 protein in different biological processes.

This article reviews the application research progress of 2 940 nm erbium laser in medical cosmetology in recent years. By studying the skin condition after laser operation, it provides ideas for postoperative skin care, aiming to alleviate postoperative skin discomfort, reduce postoperative adverse reactions, and to promote postoperative wound healing and improve patient satisfaction with treatment.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, which is due to abnormal lipid metabolism in the body that causes excessive cholesterol-rich lipoproteins to accumulate in the arterial wall, resulting in thickening and hardening of arterial wall, decreasing its elasticity and lumen stenosis. Low-dose laser therapy (LDLT) has been reported to possess cardioprotective effects whereas there is no consensus on the underlying mechanisms. This study aimed to explore whether LDLT could ameliorate atherosclerosis and explore the potential molecular mechanisms. ApoE–/– mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 18 weeks to develop atherosclerotic lesions, and were treated with LDLT daily in the last 10 weeks. After the treatment, the aorta, heart, liver and other tissues of the mice were taken for histological staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the development of atherosclerosis in the mice. The experimental results showed that the LDLT-treated mice had a smaller aortic plaque area and less lipid deposits in liver than the control mice did. In addition, the results of real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) showed that LDLT treatment significantly downregulated the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (Srebp2) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (Hmgcr), which were involved in liver cholesterol synthesis. These results indicated that LDLT could improve the body’s lipid metabolism and has a protective effect on cardiovascular diseases.

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a common model organism, red zebrafish is one of the small ornamental fishes. The body color of fish is mainly determined by the tape and distribution of pigments on the skin or scales. Melanocytes inducing transcription factor (MITF) mainly regulate the development and differentiation of animal melanocytes. We observed the composition and distribution of pigment cells in the dorsal, anal, pelvic, ectoral of adult red zebrafish, and tracked the early body color development process of the red zebrafish. The knockouting system of mitfa gene was constructed by CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout technology, which is to study how mitfa gene plays a role in early color development of red zebrafish. The results showed that: 1) Red pigment cells, xanthophores and a small amount of iridophores cells are distributed on the red zebrafish fin, but there are a large number of melanocytes in the dorsal fin; 2) During the early body color development of the red zebrafish, melanocytes appear first and then xanthophores appeared. One month later, the melanocytes of the red zebrafish faded, and the surface of the fish became light red. Then the color of the body surface gradually deepened during the discoloration, and finally the body color of the adult fish with red and silver-white stripes alternately distributed; 3) Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knock out the mitfa gene, it was found that the absence of mitfa resulted in significantly fewer melanocytes in the early red zebrafish. The above research results will provide important theoretical support for the selection and breeding of ornamental fish and the establishment of effective ways to artificially improve the body color of fish.

Human glycolipid transfer protein domain containing 2 (GLTPD2) is a new member of the glycolipid transfer protein family (GLTP). The purpose of this study is to explore the expression and clinical significance of GLTPD2 in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) through bioinformatics analysis. The third-party online LinkedOmics tool of TCGA database was used to analyze the relationship between GLTPD2 expression and various clinicopathological features of LIHC. Ualcan tool was used to analyze the mRNA expression of GLTPD2 in LIHC. Kaplan-Meier Plotter database, GEPIA data and Oncolnc database were used to evaluate the effect of GLTPD2 on survival in LIHC, and Timer 2.0 database was used to analyze the correlation between GLTPD2 and tumor immune cell invasion level. Metascape conducted functional enrichment analysis of GLTPD2 and its co-expressed genes, and predicted its biological function, and constructed and used for LIHC cancer prognosis. The results showed that GLTPD2 expression was low in LIHC, and affected the clinicopathological features, immune cell infiltration level, survival rate and prognosis of patients with LIHC. GLTPD2 is abnormally expressed in LIHC and is closely related to the initiation and progression of LIHC, which may be used as a potential biomarker of LIHC, and was of important implication for the early diagnosis, gene targeted therapy and prognosis evaluation of LIHC.

Zebrafish are widely used in mechanistic studies related to bone degradation and during new drug development. At present, the clinical application methods of bone mineral density (BMD) mainly include single-photon absorption, two-photon absorption, dual-energy X-ray absorption, quantitative CT, and ultrasonic technology. All these methods are difficult to use in zebrafish. This article aims to seek a new, applicable and easy-to-operate method for quantitative analysis of zebrafish bone mineral density. The optical coherence tomography images of zebrafish with 125 μmol/L prednisolone solution induced osteoporosis at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days were sequentially grayed, binarized, image segmented, and threshold segmented, and were done density projection, and finally bone density statistics. The experimental results showed that this method can effectively and quantitatively analyze the degree of osteoporosis in zebrafish on different days. This method is suitable for studying the effects of different exercise modes on zebrafish bone mineral density during the growth period, high-throughput zebrafish osteoporosis drug screening, drug evaluation, etc. It is a new method for quantitative analysis of zebrafish bone mineral density.

Stem cell therapy, as a new type of treatment for certain refractory diseases, has important clinical value in the treatment of tissue repair, autoimmune diseases and degenerative diseases. In this study, nude mice were used as animal models to evaluate the safety of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells through experiments such as subcutaneous tumor formation, clone formation and telomerase activity in nude mice, and provide a reference for the safety of stem cells for clinical treatment. The results of the tumorigenicity test in nude mice showed that the number of tumors in the negative control and in the experiment were 0, and the number of tumors in the positive control was 12. The results of the clone formation test showed that the negative control group and the experimental group had no clonal formation, while the positive control group had clone formation. The telomerase activity test results showed that the negative control group had a relative telomerase activity of 0.01, the positive control group had a relative telomerase activity of 4.33, and the relative activity of granzyme for the experimental group which had P6 generation cell was 1.70. Therefore, the evaluation results of this study showed that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were not tumorigenic in nude mice, and the clone formation test result was negative, the telomerase activity test result was normal and had good genetic stability. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells showed good safety in this experiment and have good clinical application value.

Chlorophyllase is the key enzyme in plant chlorophyll degradation process and plays an important role in plant growth and development. To understand the functional differences of CLH gene family members in wheat during chlorophyll degradation, the bioinformatics analysis method and real-time fluorescence quantitative (qRT-PCR) technology were used to identify and analyze the CLH gene family in wheat. The results showed that 13 TaCLHs (TaCLH1 ～ TaCLH13) were identified in wheat genome and distributed on chromosomes 3A, 3B, 3D, 4B, 5A, 5D, 6A, 6B and 6D. The promoter regions of TaCLHs contained plant hormone response elements, environmental stress response elements and plant growth response elements. Analysis of TaCLHs expression patterns in different tissues and different developmental stages showed that most of the members expressed in leaves/shoots and panicles. In addition, qRT-PCR analysis showed that TaCLHs were involved in chlorophyll degradation at different growth stages, which laid the foundation for further study of CLH gene function in wheat.

In this paper, the results showed that single carotenoid and their combinations significantly reduced LDH activity and MDA content (P<0.05), and had protective effects on UVA-induced oxidative damage to HSF cells. At the same concentration, astaxanthin had better LDH reduction activity than β-carotene, and had better protective effect on oxidative damage of HSF cells. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of cosmetics and health care products with the protective effect on UVA radiation oxidative damage with carotenoids.

To investigate the effects of elevated CO2 concentration on sugar metabolism and fat metabolism of soybean. The high-oil soybean variety“Jinda-70”was used as material, and two treatments were set up in a controlled chamber: CK (CO2 concentration 400 μmol/mol) and EC (CO2 concentration 600 μmol/mol). The whole growth period of soybean was in the controlled gas chamber. The portable gas exchange system Li-6400 was used to measure the indexes of the photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll content, glucose metabolism and fat metabolism at the bulking stage, and the yield indexes at the harvest stage were also measured. The results showed that the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll were significantly increased by increasing CO2 concentration, and the net photosynthetic rate and water usage efficiency of soybean also significantly increased by 59.7% and 63.2%. The activities of sucrose phosphate synthase and isocitrate lyase in leaves significantly increased by 28.8% and 215.0% under high CO2 concentration, while the activities of succinate dehydrogenase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and diacylglycerol acyltransferase significantly decreased. With the increase of CO2 concentration, soluble sugar content, sucrose content, sucrose synthase and isocitrate lyase activities were significantly decreased, while the activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase were significantly increased by 248.2%, 75.0% and 15.8%. In addition, the seed weight per plant, pod number per plant, and 100-seed weight of soybean significantly increased by 25.6%、23.4% and 21.1% under increased CO2 concentration. In soybean leaf, sucrose metabolism and pentose phosphate pathway were strengthened, whereas tricarboxylic acid cycle and fat metabolism were weakened at seed filling stage in soybean. In soybean seed, pentose phosphate pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle and fat metabolism were strengthened along with weakened sucrose metabolism. The results will help to understand the effects of elevated CO2 concentration on sugar metabolism and lipid metabolism in soybean, and provide theoretical basis for the production and management in soybean under climate change scenarios in the future.

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays an important role in the development of tissue fibrosis and tumors. The present study intends to analyze its physicochemical properties and molecular structure, which will provide new ideas and basis for further research on the mechanism of action of TGF-β in clinical treatment by providing new targets and life activities. A variety of biology online software was applied to analyze the physicochemical properties, signal peptide structure, transmembrane region, subcellular localization, secondary structure, and to conduct conserved structural domain analysis of TGF-β. The molecular weight of TGF-β is 49 312.95 Da, the protein formula is C2203H3375N629O629S18, and the theoretical isoelectric point is 7.74. And it is a basic and stable hydrophilic protein; the instability index is 53.82, belonging to stable protein; the average hydrophilic value is -0.397, and the fat index is 76.96; TGF-β is a hydrophilic protein, and glycine at the 19th position of the amino acid sequence of TGF-β has the largest hydrophobicity, with the score being 2.167; tyrosine 53th had the highest hydrophilicity, with a score of -3.233. TGF-β is a basic, unstable hydrophobic protein, localized in the extracellular matrix (66.7%), endoplasmic reticulum (22.2%) and vesicles (11.1%), respectively. The secondary structure of TGF-β was mainly composed of random coils (55.81%) with 4 N-glycosylation, 15 O-glycosylation and 32 phosphorylation sites. In addition, TGF-β high expression was closely associated with poor prognosis of tumor. These results will provide a new theoretical basis for studying the function and mechanism of action of TGF-β in life activities.

Chloride channel protein (ClC) is an extremely widely distributed anion channel that exists on the cell membrane of organisms. It plays a very important function in various physiological processes such as salt stress resistance. Using bioinformatics methods, 10 SbClCs genes were identified in the sorghum genome, and the SbClCs gene family was analyzed by genome identification, promoters, conservative motifs, phylogenetic trees and gene expression. The results showed that the SbClCs gene family is mainly distributed on six chromosomes, SBI-01, SBI-03, SBI-04, SBI-06, SBI-07 and SBI-10; SbClCs proteins are all hydrophobins and have good fluidity. The secondary structure is mainly random coils and α-helix; the analysis results of gene protein domains showed that the relatively conservative domains are Voltage gated and CBS, and ClC family members are relatively conservative in protein. After analyzing the cis-acting elements of SbClCs gene promoters, it was found that many light-responsive elements (Sp1, G-box) existed. Except for the SbClCg1 gene, the promoter regions of other genes all have drought-induced-related MYB binding sites (MBS); system phylogenetic tree analysis showed that sorghum ClC is more closely related to corn and rice; gene expression heat map analysis showed that SbClCc3 and SbClCa genes play an important role in salt stress and stress tolerance of sorghum. Selection evolution analysis showed that ClC protein coding genes are also subject to purification selection. This study preliminarily analyzed the structure and expression of 10 chloride ion transporter genes in sorghum, which provided a basis for further research on genetic transformation and molecular breeding with SbClCs.