As a high-efficiency, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly new refrigeration technology, magnetic refrigeration has broad application prospects in many fields such as gas liquefaction, high-energy physics, and superconducting technology. Gd-based coordination polymer molecular magnetic refrigeration materials have attracted much attention not only because of fascinating structure and excellent magnetothermal effect, but also good physical and chemical stability. In this review, the research progress of Gd-based coordination polymer molecular magnetic refrigeration materials in recent years is mainly summarized in terms of synthesis strategy, structure and performance. The structure-activity relationship and the effective methods to improve magnetothermal effect are also discussed, and the future development and problems are prospected.