Fig. 1. Intensity and phase distributions of IG beams. (a) Intensity; (b) phase

Fig. 2. Basic phase grayscale map ofIG5,3e,4. (a) Basic phase grayscale map; (b) phase grayscale map of shining grating

Fig. 3. Experimental structure diagram of IG beams transmission in simulated ocean turbulent channel

Fig. 4. Experimental structure diagram of modulated square wave signal of IG beams transmission in ocean turbulence channel

Fig. 5. Intensity distribution of IG beams and Gaussian beams before and after the tank. (a) IG beam before the tank; (b) IG beam after the tank; (c) Gaussian beam before the tank; (d) Gaussian beam after the tank

Fig. 6. Histograms of scintillation index and centroid drift in different water injection heights. (a) Scintillation index; (b) centroid drift

Fig. 7. Histograms of scintillation index and centroid drift in different water temperatures. (a) Scintillation index; (b) centroid drift

Fig. 8. Histograms of scintillation index and centroid drift in different salinities. (a) Scintillation index; (b) centroid drift

Fig. 9. 3 MHz modulated square wave signal waveform in a channel with a height of 7 cm. (a) IG beam; (b) Gaussian beam

Fig. 10. Variation curves of 0.5-3 MHz signal distortion of IG beams and Gaussian beams in different water injection heights

Fig. 11. Variation curves of 0.5-3 MHz signal distortion of IG beams and Gaussian beams in different water temperatures

Fig. 12. Variation curves of 0.5-3 MHz signal distortion of IG beams and Gaussian beams in different salinities

Fig. 13. Schematic diagram of underwater communication comparison experiment between IG beams and Gaussian beams

Fig. 14. Relationship curves between BER and received power of IG and Gaussian beams under different water injection heights

Fig. 15. Relationship curves between BER and received power of IG and Gaussian beams under different temperatures

Fig. 16. Relationship curves between BER and received power of IG and Gaussian beams in different salinities