CsxWO3 nanrods have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent near-infrared absorption properties. However, the CsxWO3 nanorods synthesized via hydrothermal method are easy to form equiaxed nanoparticles, and the reaction temperature is high, followed by post-treatment. The Cs0.2WO3 nanorods with diameter and length of 10~20 nm and 100~250 nm were successfully hydrothermal synthesized via using ammonium tungstate ((NH4)6 W7O24·6H2O), cesium chloride (CsCl), hydrochloride acid (HCl), oleylamine (C18H37N) as reactants in this paper. The effects of solvents, reaction route and amount of HCl on the phase and morphology of Cs0.2WO3 nanorods were investigated, followed by the discussion of the formation mechanism of Cs0.2WO3 nanorods and the test of infrared absorption properties of Cs0.2WO3 nanorods. The results show adding excess or little HCl are harmful for the synthesis of Cs0.2WO3. Changing the addition order of HCl and CsCl, following the decrease of reaction rate among (NH4)6 W7O24, CsCl and HCl, is benefit for the formation of Cs0.2WO3 nanorods. The infrared absorption test show Cs0.2WO3 nanorods are better than equiaxed Cs0.2WO3 nanoparticles.