Fig. 1. Flowchart of the multiscale optimal blur kernel estimation method

Fig. 2. Sub-aperture layout of the SHWFS

Fig. 3. Variation of values with respect to the correlation peak of PSF. (a) MSE; (b) PSNR

Fig. 4. RMS and PSD of the AO system in the open-loop and closed-loop. (a) RMS; (b) PSD of the x-tilt; (c) PSD of the y-tilt

Fig. 5. Simulation results for extended target 1. (a) Far-field blurred image; (b) original clear image; (c) true PSF and restored image; (d) PSF estimated by MSO and restored image; (e) PSF estimated by MMSE and restored image; (f) PSF estimated by MPIQE and restored image

Fig. 6. Simulation results for extended target 2. (a) Far-field blurred image; (b) original clear image; (c) true PSF and restored image; (d) PSF estimated by MSO and restored image; (e) PSF estimated by MMSE and restored image; (f) PSF estimated by MPIQE and restored image

Fig. 7. Motion trajectories of the true and estimated PSF for extended target 1. (a) x-direction displacement; (b) y-direction displacement

Fig. 8. Motion trajectories of the true and estimated PSF for extended target 2. (a) x-direction displacement; (b) y-direction displacement

Fig. 9. PSNR of restored images under different atmospheric coherence strengths

Fig. 10. PSNR of restored images under different SNRs

Fig. 11. PSNR of restored images under different measurement errors