Fig. 1. Schematic of wide-angle imaging principle and device architecture for the metalens array. (a) Wide-angle imaging principle of the array; (b) overall device architecture schematic

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of focusing off-axis light with metalens

Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of metalens and unit structure

Fig. 4. Transmittance distribution diagram of the unit structure when light is incident at 0°, 20°, and 30°

Fig. 5. Matching between the ideal phase curve of sub-lenses with different design angles and the phase provided by the unit structure. (a) Design angle is 0°; (b) design angle is 20°; (c) design angle is 30°

Fig. 6. Focused spot and focal plane intensity distribution on the XY plane of a metalens array sub lens at different incidence angles. (a) Focused spots and focal plane intensity distributions on the sub lens with a design angle of 0° at -15°, 0°, and 15° incidence angles, respectively; (b) focused spots and focal plane intensity distributions on the sub lens with a design angle of 20° at 15°, 20°, and 25° incidence angles, respectively; (c) focused spots and focal plane intensity distributions on the sub lens with a design angle of 30° at 25°, 30°, and 35° incidence angles, respectively

Fig. 7. Schematic diagrams of the metalens array. (a) Photo of the metalens array; (b) SEM images of the metalens array from different perspectives, with the left image corresponding to the top view SEM image of the metalens array, and the right image corresponding to the oblique view SEM image of the metalens array

Fig. 8. Experimental wide-angle imaging results of the metalens array. (a) Experimental device used to test the imaging performance of the metalens array; (b) imaging results of sub lenses with design angles of 0°, 20°, and 30°; (c) final imaging result of the metalens array through image stitching; (d) traditional metalens imaging results with limited field of view angles