Fig. 1. Erbium-doped fiber laser used for generating radially and azimuthally polarized modes[65]

Fig. 2. Experimental setup used for generating vectorial beams[82]

Fig. 3. Schematic of VOF-Gen system[83]

Fig. 4. Flow chart of adaptive close loop control in VOF-Gen[86]

Fig. 5. Experimental results of elliptically polarized beam generation[86]. (a) Intensity and ellipticity distribution of output beam before calibration; (b) histogram of elevation angle before calibration; (c) histogram of ellipticity before calibration; (d) intensity and ellipticity distributions of output beam after calibration; (e) histogram of elevation angle after calibration; (f) histogram of ellipticity after calibration

Fig. 6. Schematic of tightly focusing of vectorial optical field[46]

Fig. 7. Intensity distributions of tailored focused field[99]. (a) Three-dimensional flattop focused field with long depth of focus; (b) optical bubble

Fig. 8. Schematics of tailoring polarization distribution of focused optical field based on time reversal method[100]. (a) Optical field distribution in pupil plane; (b) tightly focusing of reversed field

Fig. 9. Focused field with 45° linear polarization in x-z plane obtained by simulation. (a) Incident field in pupil plane of lens; (b) tightly focused field

Fig. 10. Simulated focused field with spin axis oriented at (90°,30°,60°)[102]. (a) Incident field in pupil plane of lens; (b) tightly focused field

Fig. 11. Molecular orientation imaging by radial polarization[109]. (a) Experimental setup; (b) theoretical results of fluorescent emission patterns; (c) experimental results

Fig. 12. Fabrication results of 3D woodpile photonic crystal (PC) by radially polarized beams[110]. (a) Schematic of woodpile PCs; (b) scanning electron microscopic image of PC fabricated with linearly polarized beam; (c) scanning electron microscopic image of PC fabricated with radially polarized beam; (d) calculated band diagrams in Г-X direction of structures in (b) and (c); (e) transmission spectra (solid) of PCs and another PC with different lattice constants fabricated with radially polarized beam